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Classifying Rocks

In this chapter, geologists study the classification of rocks based on mineral composition, color, and texture. Learn about rock forming minerals and how to identify different types of rocks based on their characteristics. Explore the formation of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.

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Classifying Rocks

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  1. Classifying Rocks Chapter 4 Section 1

  2. Classifying Rock When studying rock, geologists observe: • Mineral composition • Color • Texture

  3. Mineral Composition Rocks can contain: - one type of mineral - a mixture of minerals • mineral and other substances Rock Forming Minerals - About 20 minerals make up most of the rocks on Earth’s crust

  4. Quartz 1 mineral Granite – a mixture of quartz, feldspar, hornblende, and mica Coquina Minerals and shells

  5. Minerals color and composition Granite – light colored with high silica content Basalt – dark colored with little silica content

  6. Minerals color and composition The shape and color of crystals are used to identify rocks Some of the same tests to identify minerals are used to identify rocks

  7. Texture Grain size Large: coarse grained (easy to see) Small: fine grained (microscopic)

  8. Texture Grain pattern Flat layers Swirling patterns Bands of different colors Random

  9. Rock Formation Igneous – cooling magma or lava Sedimentary – fragments of material are cemented or pressed together Metamorphic – rocks that are changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions

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