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Historical Science

Historical Science. Early Evidence for Human Reliance Upon a Natural Perspective. Prehistoric Period. Learning by trial and error Rich natural history knowledge Information not written down (paper & writing developed ~5K years ago) Crops Domesticated. When did the study of science begin?.

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Historical Science

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  1. Historical Science

  2. Early Evidence for Human Reliance Upon a Natural Perspective

  3. Prehistoric Period • Learning by trial and error • Rich natural history knowledge • Information not written down • (paper & writing developed ~5K years ago) • Crops Domesticated

  4. When did the study of science begin? Paleolithic paintings on cave walls and recordings on bones- observations 32,000 years ago

  5. When did the study of science begin? Mesopotamian 7,000 B.C. to 6th century B.C. Medical text Astronomy Bronze surgical knives

  6. Ancient Greece • Hippocrates (460 – 370? B.C.) • Greek physician • Diseases have natural causes • Rejected view that disease caused by evil spirits • Believed that the brain was area of higher thought and emotion, not heart • Program for good health: rest, good nutrition, and exercise. • Started “Western Medicine”

  7. Roman Times • Galen (130 - 200 A.D.) • Anatomy & Physiology • disease resulted from an internal imbalance of the four humors • Mistakes in understanding circulation • Research based on ape dissection • Textbook used for 1000 years

  8. Dark Ages- 200 to 1200 A.D. • Sad time • Little new knowledge • Taboo against dissecting human cadavers continued • Avoided actual involvement • Authority prevails

  9. Renaissance • da Vinci(1452-1515) • Anatomy & Physiology

  10. Renaissance • Vesalius (1514-1564) • Anatomy & Physiology • Followed Galen’s writings, but later found he was wrong Vesalius dissects a female cadaver in his anatomy lab

  11. Medieval Human Anatomy Before Vesalius

  12. Vesalius’ Images

  13. Vesalius’ Images The female pelvic anatomy. From Vesalius's De Corporis Humani Fabrica, 1543.

  14. Microscope

  15. Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1632 - 1723 Invented a simple microscope Discovered bacteria, protists, sperm cells, blood cells…

  16. Leeuwenhoek’s Microscope

  17. Leeuwenhoek’s“Animalcules”

  18. Robert Hooke 1635 - 1703

  19. Cells in Cork

  20. William Harvey 1578-1657 • Discoveries • Disproved Galen that blood not made from the liver • Heart is a pump not a suction device • Showed closed circuit circulation • Showed existence of valves in veins

  21. Arteries & Veins

  22. Circulation

  23. Leeches and Maggots make a comeback 1600’s Medicine: Leeches A prescription leech at the Harborview Medical Center pharmacy.

  24. Medical Imaging Ultrasound

  25. Medical Imaging X Ray

  26. Medical Imaging Ct Scan 3D reconstruction of CT Scan. Objects are packets of cocaine.

  27. Medical Imaging MRI

  28. Medical Imaging PET Scan

  29. Modern Technology Smartphone apps Pill cam

  30. Inquiry • Galen’s textbook was based on research of ______ not humans. • What did Velsalius discover? • Leeuwenhoek, Hooke, and Galileo invented the____. • List 4 modern “non-evasive” technologies that allow us to look in the body.

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