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Chapter 16

Chapter 16. Health and Wellness Promotion. Health, Illness, and Wellness. Health Process seeking to maintain stable, comfortable equilibrium Illness Inability to maintain physical and emotional balance. (continued). Health, Illness, and Wellness. Wellness

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Chapter 16

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  1. Chapter 16 Health and Wellness Promotion

  2. Health, Illness, and Wellness • Health • Process seeking to maintain stable, comfortable equilibrium • Illness • Inability to maintain physical and emotional balance (continued)

  3. Health, Illness, and Wellness • Wellness • Condition when individual functions at optimal levels (continued)

  4. Health, Illness, and Wellness • Physical status • Emotional well-being • Social relationships • Intellectual functioning • Spiritual condition • Sexuality

  5. Models of Health • Clinical • Health belief • High-level wellness • Social learning theory • Host-agent-environment • Health promotion • Cultural influences on health • Family influences on health

  6. Illness Perspectives • Illness • Result of disease or injury that affects functioning • Occurs when inability to meet one’s needs exists • Acute • Chronic

  7. Wellness Perspectives • Continuum of health from optimal to maladaptive • From wellness to illness • High-level wellness • Functioning to one’s maximum health potential while remaining in balance with environment

  8. Health Behaviors • Influencing variables: • Lifestyle • Locus of control • Self-efficacy • Health care attitudes • Self-concept

  9. Health Promotion • Activities that improve quality of health and well-being • Aim: • Empowerment through good decision making regarding lifestyles and activities

  10. Respect and support clients’ right to make decisions Identify and use client strengths and assets Empower clients to promote own health or healing Health Promotion Activities

  11. Health Protection Activities • Prevention of accidents • Occupational safety and health • Efforts to ensure safety of food and drugs • Environmental strategies

  12. Disease Prevention Activities • Continuum of disease • Averting its development to limiting its course • Primary prevention • Secondary prevention • Tertiary prevention

  13. Nurse’s Role in Health Promotion • Teaching • Motivating • Considering client’s beliefs and experiences

  14. Health Promotion and Vulnerable Populations • Children • Elderly • Economically disadvantaged • Immunocompromised • Homeless

  15. Individuals as Holistic Beings • Physiological and psychological needs integrated • Individuals are complete • Rather than fragmented beings

  16. Needs and Health • Basic human needs: • Physiological • Psychological • Sociocultural • Intellectual • Spiritual

  17. Physiological Dimension • Focuses on achievement of basic needs • Oxygenation • Circulation • Sleep and comfort • Nutrition • Elimination

  18. Psychological Dimension • Focuses on: • Positive self-esteem • Trusting relationships • Appropriate social skills • Coping

  19. Sociocultural Dimension • Client’s needs for dependence and independence • Empowerment • Enabling others to do for themselves

  20. Intellectual Dimension • Cognitive functions • Judgment • Orientation • Memory • Ability to process information (continued)

  21. Intellectual Dimension • Can be impaired by infection, toxins, substance abuse, trauma, and psychological problems

  22. Spiritual Dimension • Spirituality • One’s relationship with: • Self • Others • Higher power • Assists in determining sense of meaning or purpose in life

  23. Promoting Sexual Health • Development of sexuality • Gender identity • Needs • Human sexual response • Sexuality and health

  24. Development of Sexuality • Begins with conception • Develops throughout life • No universally accepted sexual values

  25. Gender Identity • View of self as male or female • Sexual orientation • Heterosexuality • Homosexuality • Bisexuality • Transsexuality

  26. Needs • Tenderness • Attachment • Intimacy • Caring • Sensuality • Procreation

  27. Human Sexual Response • Phases: • Excitement • Plateau • Orgasm • Resolution

  28. Sexuality and Health • Threats to sexual integrity: • Illness • Disability • Surgery • Medications • Hospitalization

  29. Sexuality and the Nursing Process • Assessment • Ensure privacy and confidentiality • Use simple, direct language • Provide explanations • Allow time for client’s questions • Have nonjudgmental attitude • Use open-ended questions (continued)

  30. Sexuality and the Nursing Process • Diagnosis • Sexual dysfunction • Ineffective sexuality patterns (continued)

  31. Sexuality and the Nursing Process • Planning and outcome identification • Consider age-specific variations • Know client’s history of possible sexual abuse (continued)

  32. Sexuality and the Nursing Process • Implementation • Communication • Education • Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases • Effects of aging • Disease prevention • E.g., breast and testicular examinations (continued)

  33. Sexuality and the Nursing Process • Evaluation • Observe client and partner for expressions of intimacy • Remain open-minded and nonjudgmental

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