AA-CAES: Integration of Wind Energy Dr Chris Bullough

1. November, 2004 Subtitle (Arial 24) AA-CAES: Integration of Wind Energy Dr Chris Bullough ALSTOM Power Technology Centre, LE8 6LH, UK - Add text to be highlighted here - EU contract: ENK6 CT-2002-00611

2. AA-CAES Content • Storage of Wind Energy • Economics & End User Requirements • CAES and other storage methods • AA-CAES • Cycle Options • Compressor • Thermal Energy Storage • Turbine • Summary

3. AA-CAES Content • Storage of Wind Energy • Economics & End User Requirements • CAES and other storage methods • AA-CAES • Cycle Options • Compressor • Thermal Energy Storage • Turbine • Summary

4. Power Industry Challenges Generation Value Chain Industry Challenges Compressed Air Energy Storage Market Benefits

5. . Wind power capacity Wind power output . . AA-CAES - Renewables Wind Power Capacity from 1990 through 2030 in Germany From e-on

6. AA-CAES - Renewables Typical Daily Generation Profile of Wind Turbines 400 MW / 15 min. 1000 MW / day From e-on

7. AA-CAES Content • Storage of Wind Energy • Economics & End User Requirements • CAES and other storage methods • AA-CAES • Cycle Options • Compressor • Thermal Energy Storage • Turbine • Summary

8. AA-CAES Operation of a Centralised AA-CAES plant Storage [MW] Spot price [€/MWh] Generation [MW] Generation and storage [MW] Electricity market price [€/MWh] Hours within the week

9. AA-CAES: Factors for & against

10. AA-CAES Projected Income for different European Spot Markets Yearly Income [€m] Storage Capacity [MWh]

11. AA-CAES - User Requirements • Central Energy Storage (~300MW) • revenues from Spot Market Spreads • revenues from System Services • Decentralised Storage (~150MW) • situated at or close to large windfarms • increase Wind Energy utilisation • ancillary services • peak price sales • Remote Island solution (~30MW) • Wind/AA-CAES combined on island (disconnected) • Saves cost of grid connection or separate gas turbine/ diesel • Increase Wind Energy utilisation

12. AA-CAES Content • Storage of Wind Energy • Economics & End User Requirements • CAES and other storage methods • AA-CAES • Cycle Options • Compressor • Thermal Energy Storage • Turbine • Summary

13. CAES - Cycle and Concept CAES = Compressed Air Energy Storage On Peak Electricity Out Off Peak Electricity In Fuel Generator Expansion Turbine Hp-and Lp part Recuperator Motor & Compressor Air Air Cavern

14. ALSTOM’s Huntorf, Germany1st Ever CAES Plant Aerial View: Power Plant, Cavern Heads and Connecting Air Pipes

15. AA-CAES vs other storage • Mass Storage • AA-CAES • CAES • Pumped Hydro • Distributed Power Storage / Voltage Stabilisation • Pb-acid / Ni-Cd / Z-Br batteries • Flywheels • Supercapacitors • Fuel Cells

16. AA-CAES and Pumped Hydro Required Storage Volume to Generate 300 MW (12 Hours Pumping, 12 Hours Generation) 7 million m3 of Water 0.28 million m3 ofCompressed Air 60 - 100 bar @ a level of 200 m

17. AA-CAES Content • Storage of Wind Energy • Economics & End User Requirements • CAES and other storage methods • AA-CAES • Cycle Options • Compressor • Thermal Energy Storage • Turbine • Summary

18. AA-CAES - Cycle and Concept AA-CAES = Advanced Adiabatic - Compressed Air Energy Storage No fuel used / no CO2 emissions at point of storage. Off Peak Electricity In On Peak Electricity Out Thermal Energy Store Generator Sliding Pressure Air Turbine Motor & Compressor Air Air Cavern

19. AA-CAES: Cycle options Options • Axial/radial flow compressors • One/two stage compressors • Compressor intercooler • Compressor boosters • Solid / liquid heat storage • Cavern size/pressure • One/two stage air turbine • Heat topping

20. AA-CAES : Compressor Options • Axial flow compressors (left) • Radial flow compressors (right) • Compressor intercoolers • Compressor boosters Challenges • Pressures/ temperatures • Response times/ ramp rates • Humidity/ condensing • Materials compatibility Source: MAN Turbomaschinen

21. AA-CAES : Thermal storage Options • Solid phase • Liquid phase Challenges • Material suitability / thermal cycling • Heat Exchanger design • Pressure containment • Cost Source: DLR

22. AA-CAES : Air Turbine Options • Small turbine (left) • Medium turbine (right) • One/ two stages • Throttling/ sliding pressure Challenges • Pressures/ temperatures • Response times/ ramp rates • Humidity • Materials compatibility Source: ALSTOM Switzerland

23. AA-CAES Content • Storage of Wind Energy • Economics & End User Requirements • CAES and other storage methods • AA-CAES • Cycle Options • Typical Markets • Compressor / Turbine Concepts • Thermal Energy Storage • Summary

24. AA-CAES : Summary • Wind Energy (>~5-10%) needs Electricity Storage • increases utilisation • improves balancing / reduces grid congestion • Adiabatic CAES : attractive mass storage solution • no fuel use/ zero CO2 emissions at point of storage • high efficiency (~70% electrical) • less geologically limited cf. hydro power • rapid response on both storage and generation cycles. • AA-CAES Project • principles established • economic case/ user requirements known • designs/ technology being proven • Next steps • demonstrator plant • full scale implementation

25. AA-CAES: ConsortiumEU contract: ENK6 CT-2002-00611

26. Subtitle (Arial 24) - Add text to be highlighted here -