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PROJECT. Polio- By Caroline Muraguri & Faith Efada. WHAT IS POLIO?. Poliomyelitis is an acute viral infection. It involves the gastrointestinal tract and the nervous system. HOW IS IT TRANSMITTED?. It is transmitted through oral-faecal and oral transmission.

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PROJECT

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  1. PROJECT Polio- By Caroline Muraguri & Faith Efada

  2. WHAT IS POLIO? • Poliomyelitis is an acute viral infection. • It involves the gastrointestinal tract and the nervous system.

  3. HOW IS IT TRANSMITTED? • It is transmitted through oral-faecal and oral transmission. • The virus lives in the mouth and the intestinal tract. • It enters through the mouth if the hands are contaminated by stool of an infected person. • Utensils used for eating can also help spread the virus.

  4. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS • Symptoms appear in 7-14 days after exposure to the virus. • A few days before and after the symptoms start are the most contagious. • Many people who are infected show no symptoms. • Others have only few such as: headaches, tiredness, fever, stiff neck, back and muscle pain.

  5. S & S CONT. • Serious health problems occur when the nervous system is affected. • The muscles affected are those used for swallowing and breathing. • Paralysis of the arms and the legs or trunk result when the nerves in the spinal cord are affected.

  6. WHERE IS IT MOST COMMONLY FOUND? • Most of the cases today are reported from Asia and Africa.

  7. DIAGNOSIS • Polio is diagnosed through a blood test and a culture.

  8. COMPLICATIONS • Paralysis mostly of the legs. • Paralysis of the muscles controlling swallowing and breathing. • Oral vaccine can cause paralysis but it is rare.

  9. EXTENSIVE PARALYSES

  10. CONTINED. • Children who suffer from extensive paralysis usually end up dying before reaching adult hood. Moderately severe paralysis- weakness of the limbs but eventually are able to move about with a little assistance. Type 1-severe disability-Might have a chance to walk.

  11. Cont. Type 2 severe disability- will need a great deal of assistance. Type 3 severe disability- the damage is too extensive and there is no hope of ever walking again.

  12. APPLIANCES. • Elbow crutches, wheel chairs, walking frames and bed modifications.

  13. TREATMENT • Polio has no treatment.

  14. THE IRON LUNG. • Used in the 1940s and 50s during the epidemic in U.S. and Europe. • Those whose respiratory muscles were affected were held immobile by “iron lungs.” • These were cylindrical metals that regulated their breathing. • Positive pressure ventilators are used today.

  15. IRON LUNGS. POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATOR. DIAGRAMS.

  16. PREVENTION • Polio can be prevented through vaccinations. • Two types: Oral polio vaccine & inactivated polio vaccine. • OPV- is made with a live but weakened virus. • IPV- is given by injection- not as effective as OPV.

  17. VACCINES AND ALLERGIES. • IPV-can cause redness and pain though nothing serious has been reported. • Should not be administered to a person who had severe anaphylactic reaction to previous dose, or to streptomycin.

  18. VACCINES AND PREGNANCY. • No known adverse effects but vaccination should be avoided unless absolutely necessary.

  19. HISTORY OF POLIOMYELITIS • Said to have first occurred 6000 years ago. Evidence from withered and deformed limbs of mummies.

  20. WORKS CITED • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_lung • http://www.astdhpphe.org/infect/polio.html • http://www.polioeradication.org/disease.asp • http://www.worldortho.com/database/polio/ • Poliomyelitis-A guide for developing countries-including appliances and rehabilitation for the disabled.

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