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Tree Identification

Learn plant classification, nomenclature, morphology, and identification of various tree species in this detailed study guide for Arborist Certification Exam. Study Plant Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species, and Tree Morphology characteristics.

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Tree Identification

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  1. Tree Identification John Ross

  2. Tree IdentificationISA Certified Arborist Study Guidefor theArborist Certification Examof theInternational Society of Arboriculture Presented by John Ross Burditt: Conroe, Texas jross@burditt.com

  3. Plant Classification Plant Classification (taxonomy) Kingdom (Plant) Phylum (Vascular plants or not) Class (Angiosperms; di or monocotyledons Gymnosperms have “naked seeds”) Order Family (Similar characteristics) Genus (Closely related, Quercus) Species (THE individual plant)

  4. Plant Nomenclature Plant Nomenclature (naming of plants) Common names vs. Latin names Genus and species…. Quercusstellata Varieties & cultivars… var. & ‘Little gem’ Plant Morphology (appearance of tree parts) Branching structure (alternate, opposite, whorled) Leaf type (simple or compound) Leaf margins, apices & bases

  5. Plant Morphology continued Bud type and arrangement Twig & pith characteristics Seed types (acorn, samara, legume, etc.) Bark characteristics (ex. hackberry “warts”) Form & habitat Flowers (ex. flowering dogwood)

  6. Leaf Arrangement & “Parts”

  7. Compound Leaf Types

  8. Leaf Bases & Apices

  9. Leaf Margins & Other Types

  10. Buds & Twigs

  11. Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) Form: open spreading crown Grayish coloring to cone 3 (occasionally 2) needles

  12. Slash Pine (Pinus elliottii) Form: round top head Carmel coloring to cone 2 and 3 needles

  13. White ash (Fraxinusamericana) Opposite, pinnately compound U-shaped leaf scar single samara

  14. Green ash (Fraxinuspennsylvania) Opposite, pinnately compound Brown tinged with red, slightly furrowed or ridged Single samara U-shaped scar

  15. Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoids) Simple, alternate, triangular, square base, coarsely toothed Prominent lenticels, triangular leaf scars Male catkins

  16. American elm (Ulmusamericana) Alternate, inconspicuous lenticels, elevated semicircular leaf scars Alternate, simple, double serrate, oblique base Broad flat-topped ridges, deep elliptical fissures

  17. Common hackberry (Celtisoccidentalis) Alternate, simple, deciduous, serrate, asymmetrical base Alternate, numerous pale lenticels Many corky ridges, gray-brown to silver-gray

  18. Honeylocust (Gleditsiatriacanthos) Seed Pods Alternate, deciduous, pinnate & bipinnately compound Irregular shield-shaped leaf scars, stout thorns Gray-brown to black, scaly ridges, deep fissures

  19. Boxelder maple (Acer negundo) Opposite, coarsely serrate, pinnately compound Double samara, slightly converging wings Scattered pale lenticels

  20. Mulberry (Morus spp.) Cluster, dark-red to purple Gray-brown, scattered gray lenticels Alternate, simple, deciduous, toothed & lobed Catkins

  21. Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) Acorn, usually solitary, deep bowl-shaped cup, with conspicuous fringe, enclosing up to ¾ of the nut Alternate, simple, deciduous, 5-9 lobed, coarsely toothed terminal lobe Hairy stalked catkins Half round leaf scars

  22. Post oak (Quercusstellate) Acorn, occasionally in pairs, bowl-shaped cup enclosing 1/3 of nut Half round bundle leaf scars, pale lenticels Alternate, deciduous, usually unequally 5-lobed

  23. Live oak (Quercusvirginiana or fusiformis) Alternate, simple, evergreen, entire margin Acorn, in clusters of 3 to 5, top-shaped cup enclosing 1/3 of nut 40-50 feet high, branching close to ground into a few massive wide spreading limbs, round topped crown

  24. Eastern redbud (Cerciscanadensis) Alternate, simple, deciduous, kidney-shaped, heart-shaped or flattened base Calyx tube, flower Pod 2” – 3 ½”

  25. Eastern red cedar (Juniperusvirginiana) Awl-shaped, sharp-pointed, spreading and whitened Scale-like in 4 ranks giving square appearance Thin reddish-brown bark, peels off in long shred-like strips

  26. Sycamore (Platanusoccidentalis) Alternate, simple, deciduous, wavy with short or long tapering teeth, flat or heart-shaped base Persistent multiple of achenes forming a head 1” in diameter Bark mottled by large plate-like scales

  27. Black walnut (Juglansnigra) Alternate, compound, extremely tapering at end, toothed along margin Borne singly or in pairs, nut has hard thick shell Many raised orange lenticels, large shield shaped leaf scars

  28. Pecan (Caryaillinoensis) Alternate, compound, tapering at end, toothed along margin Ellipsoidal nut, thin skinned husk, 4-winged from base to apex Conspicuous orange-brown lenticels, obovate leaf scars

  29. Osage-orange (Maclurapomifera) Alternate, simple, oval-pointed Short axillary thorns, triangular to kidney-shaped leaf scars Compact cluster of green oblong firm drupelets, appearance of a green orange Broad rounded interlacing ridges

  30. Black willow (Salixnigra) Alternate, simple, deciduous, lanceolate-shaped Dark brown to black, deeply divided, shaggy scales on old trunks 30-40 feet high, clustered stems forming broad irregular open crown

  31. Bur Oak Test Tree #1

  32. Common Hackberry Test Tree #2

  33. Green Ash Test Tree #3

  34. Mulberry Test Tree #4

  35. Eastern Cottonwood Test Tree #5

  36. American Elm Test Tree #6

  37. Eastern Red Cedar Test Tree #7

  38. Sycamore Test Tree #8

  39. Eastern Redbud Test Tree #9

  40. Loblolly Pine Test Tree #10

  41. Thank you John Ross

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