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Chapter 3 Colonies Come of Age 1650 - 1765

Chapter 3 Colonies Come of Age 1650 - 1765. Section 1 England & It’s Colonies Section 2 Agricultural South Section 3 Commercial North Section 4 French & Indian War. Chapter 3 Objectives The Colonies Come of Age .

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Chapter 3 Colonies Come of Age 1650 - 1765

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  1. Chapter 3 Colonies Come of Age1650 - 1765 Section 1 England & It’s Colonies Section 2 Agricultural South Section 3 Commercial North Section 4 French & Indian War

  2. Chapter 3 Objectives The Colonies Come of Age • Learn about and analyze the key factors that would strain the relationship between England & its Colonies • Among the key factors: • Economic • Social / Human Rights • Political Growth • The Power of Ideas

  3. Chapter 3 Key Dates The Colonies Come of Age 1651 Parliament passes first Navigation Acts 1660 English Monarchy re-established with return of Charles II 1686 James II creates Dominion of New England 1688 Glorious Revolution establishes Parliament as supreme over Monarchy 1710 Act of Union unites England, Scotland, Wales 1733 Benjamin Franklin publishes Poor Richard’s Almanac 1754 French & Indian War begins 1763 Treaty of Paris Ends French & Indian War

  4. Chapter 3 Section 1England & Its Colonies • Key Terms • Mercantilism • Parliament • Navigation Acts • Dominion of England • Sir Edmund Andros • Glorious Revolution • Salutary Neglect

  5. Chapter 3 Section 1England & Its Colonies • Tighten England’s control over trade; protect against competition; increase England’s wealth • Increased England’s wealth by creating & protecting jobs for English citizens; protected English access to certain goods

  6. Chapter 3 Section 1England & Its Colonies 3. Spurred boom in the ship-building industry; England support colonial industry 4. Restricted Trade 5. Unpopularity of King James II (Catholicism); head off another Catholic king 6. Establishment of Parliament’s Power over the Crown

  7. Chapter 3 Section 1England & Its Colonies 7. Restoration of colonies original charter; requirements for more religious freedom in Massachusettes; SALUTORY NEGLECT

  8. Chapter 3 Section 1Economic Activities PAGE 67 New England colonies www.nps.gov/.../aah/AAheritage/histContextsD.htm

  9. Chapter 3 Section 1Economic Activities PAGE 67 New England colonies • Massachusetts.........shipbuilding, shipping, fishing, lumber, rum, meat products • New Hampshire ........ship masts, lumber, fishing, trade, shipping, livestock, foodstuffs • Connecticut ..............rum, iron foundries, shipbuilding, • Rhode Island ............snuff, livestock

  10. Chapter 3 Section 1Economic Activities PAGE 67 Middle colonies go.hrw.com/venus_images/M03a02.gif

  11. Chapter 3 Section 1Economic Activities PAGE 67 Middle colonies • New York ..................furs, wheat, glass, shoes, livestock, shipping, shipbuilding, rum, beer, snuff • Delaware..................trade, foodstuffs • New Jersey...............trade, foodstuffs, copper • Pennsylvania ............flax, shipbuilding

  12. Chapter 3 Section 1Economic Activities PAGE 67 Southern colonies • Virginia....tobacco, wheat, cattle, iron • Maryland.......tobacco, wheat, snuff • North Carolina .naval supplies, tobacco, furs • South Carolina..........rice, indigo, silk • Georgia ..indigo, rice, naval supplies, lumber

  13. Chapter 3 Section 1England & Its Colonies • Mercantilism • British felt the colonies should enrich Britain because the ultimate goal was for a country to become self-sustaining. • Balance of Trade • Country wants sell more goods than it buys (more money coming in) • Colonies supplied raw materials; Colonies bought finished goods from Britain

  14. Chapter 3 Section 1England & Its Colonies • Navigation Acts (1651) British Rationale • Colonial businesses were selling raw materials directly to competing countries. • British felt that this type of trade was an economic threat (the other countries would take the raw materials and produce the same goods to sell) • Rules • All goods had to be shipped via English ships • Ship’s crew must be ¾ English • Certain products could only be exported to England • Most goods had to pass through English seaports

  15. Chapter 3 Section 1England & Its Colonies • Navigation Acts (cont’d) • Some Colonial businesses ignored the rules – smuggling & illegal trading were common. • For the most part England ignored these activities ….. Until • King Charles II decided to take action & indentified Massachusetts merchants as the biggest offenders • The Merchants (predominantly Puritans) felt they did not have to obey Parliament’s laws • England revokes Massachusetts Charter & places the colony under the direct authority of the king

  16. Chapter 3 Section 1England & Its Colonies • Navigation Acts (cont’d) King Charles II http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_England

  17. Chapter 3 Section 1 England & Its Colonies • Dominion of New England • The King James II places all Northern Colonies into a single entity – the Dominion • Appoints Sir Edmund Andros to rule it • He tells colonists “You have no privileges left you, than not being sold for slaves” • Questions the legitimacy of Puritan’s religion • Colonists want Andros gone & their old charter restored

  18. Chapter 3 Section 1 England & Its Colonies • Dominion of New England • Sir Edmund Andros http://www.yorktownsquare.com/img/040908-sub-Gov-Sir-Edmund-Andros.jpg

  19. Chapter 3 Section 1England & Its Colonies • Glorious Revolution – England • The King James II • Is Catholic & not of fan of Protestantism • Also not a fan of Parliament • Most subjects are Protestant AND like Parliament • Kings like him were the reason the people created this body

  20. Chapter 3 Section 1England & Its Colonies • Glorious Revolution – England • When James II fathers an heir to the throw • Parliament invites James II son-in-law, William of Orange, to England to take over • James II takes off & William is offered/accepts the Throne • Parliament passes laws of its power over the crown

  21. Chapter 3 Section 1England & Its Colonies • Glorious Revolution – England • William of Orange

  22. Chapter 3 Section 1England & Its Colonies • Glorious Revolution – Colonies • Massachusetts colonists find out about King James II Departure • Bloodless Rebellion • Arrest Andros & his councilors • Parliament eliminate Dominion & re-establishes colonies

  23. Chapter 3 Section 1England & Its Colonies • Glorious Revolution – Colonies • However Parliament Makes rules for Massachusetts • King appoints the governor • More non-Puritan representation in colonial assembly • Puritans must cease persecuting Anglicans, Quakers.

  24. Chapter 3 Section 1England & Its Colonies • England Loosens Up on Colonies • England is focused on France • Battling for control of Europe • England adds more teeth to the Navigation Acts • Trials of Smugglers moved from colonial courts to admiralty courts / English judges • Created an advisory group known as the Board of Trade granting power to monitor colonial trade

  25. Chapter 3 Section 1England & Its Colonies • England Loosens Up on Colonies • However, as long as colonies continued to export raw materials to England & import manufactured goods from England – measures were not strictly enforced = Salutary Neglect

  26. Chapter 3 Section 2The Agricultural South • HOMEWORK • Cash Crop • Slave • Triangular Trade • Middle Passage • Stono Rebellion

  27. Chapter 3 Section 2The Agricultural South • PLANTATION ECONOMY • The South’s economy depended heavily on Agriculture • Tobacco from Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina • Rice, Indigo from South Carolina & Georgia • Focus on a single type of crop to be SOLD for money rather than consumed by the “planters” – CASH CROP

  28. Chapter 3 Section 2The Agricultural South • PLANTATION ECONOMY • This type of farming required lots of land - preferably located on deep rivers to allow ocean going vessels to ship directly to Northern Colonies and Europe • Plantation owners produced what they needed from the plantation so know need for independent commerce e.g., shops, bakeries, stores • RURAL & SELF SUFFICIENT

  29. Chapter 3 Section 2The Agricultural South • Diverse Population • Immigration Patterns Germans, settle in Maryland, Virginia, South Carolina - raise Grain, Livestock & Tobacco; Scots & Scots-Irish mainly in hills of Western North Carolina • Women • Second Class citizens, Basic, limited education. Mostly focused on domestic chores • Planters daughters were spared household chores because servants handled these

  30. Chapter 3 Section 2The Agricultural South • Diverse Population Small farmers majority of population • Planters controlled economy & had great Prosperity - 1713 to 1774 Tobacco prices triple

  31. Chapter 3 Section 2The Agricultural South • Diverse Population • Indentured Servants • Traded their labor in exchange for passage to colonies and future freedom • Estimates indicate that One-half to Two-Thirds of all white immigrants after 1630 were Indentured Servants • Because of the harsh conditions, the influx of Indentured Servants dissipated, creating a need for alternative Labor resources

  32. Chapter 3 Section 2The Agricultural South • Slavery • Europeans had a long tradition forced labor e.g., serfs, indentured servants, servants • When demand for labor outstripped supply the Planters turned to enslaving African peoples. • By 1750 more than 200,000 Africans were forced to work in the Southern Colonies

  33. Chapter 3 Section 2The Agricultural South • Africans had been enslaved to work on sugar Plantations in Barbados & Jamaica in the 1600s (almost 60,000 by 1690) • Triangular Trade • Rum & Other goods ship from New England to Africa • This merchandise is traded for slaves, who are brought to the West Indies & sold to the Planters for sugar & molasses • New England distills the sugar and molasses into Rum & ships it to Africa

  34. Chapter 3 Section 2The Agricultural South • European Slave Trade • Middle Passagewas the segment of the Triangular Trade that brought the slaves from Africa to the West Indies/North America • Slavery in the South • 80-90 percent of slaves brought to the colonies worked in the fields • The remaining slaves worked as domestics or artisans

  35. Chapter 3 Section 2The Agricultural South • Africans in the Colonies • Were pulled from different areas of Africa but despite the diversity • The strong culture of “Kinship” was a driving force that enabled other slaves to help preserve some semblance of family • The long-developed sense for nature and respect for ancestry helped the slaves preserve key activities such as storytelling, music, and dance

  36. Chapter 3 Section 2The Agricultural South • Africans in the Colonies • Resistance & Revolt • Many slaves did resist their condition (slowdowns, faked illness) • Others resorted to outright rebellion and escape attempts • Stono Rebellion – 20 armed slaves revolted, killing a number of Planter families; invited other slaves to join them and escape to Florida • The revolt was put down with the slaves dying during the clash or were subsequently executed

  37. Chapter 3 Section 3The Commercial North • Key Terms • Enlightenment • Benjamin Franklin • Jonathan Edwards • Great Awakening

  38. Chapter 3 Section 3The Commercial North • Commerce Grows in the North • “The North” includes New England & Middle Colonies • Mercantilism - contributed to economic growth in both England and the colonies • 1650 to 1750 Colonies’ economy grew twice as fast as fast as England’s economy

  39. Chapter 3 Section 3The Commercial North • Commerce Grows in the North • Development of Urban Centers • As Trade increases Port Cities Grow • New York, Boston, Philadelphia as significant ports • Philadelphia becomes the 2nd largest city in the British Empire • Grid plan drawn from Wren’s rebuilding plan for London (after Great Fire of 1666) • Parks, Police, Street Lighting • Lack of firewood, clean water, sanitation systems

  40. Chapter 3 Section 3The Commercial North • Commerce Grows in the North • Immigrants start arriving from other countries • In 1700 English/Welsh dominated Colonial Immigrant Population (80%) • By 1755 the % of English/Welsh immigrants made up on 52% • Africans slave made up 20% • Scots-Irish, Scottish, Irish & Dutch another 26% • Other ethnic groups included Scandinavians, Jews

  41. Chapter 3 Section 3The Commercial North • Ben Franklin’s Complaint • “Why should the Germans be suffered to swarm into our Settlements and, by herding together establish their Language and Manners to the Exclusion of ours? Why should Pennsylvania, founded by the English, become a Colony of Aliens, who will shortly be so numerous as to Germanize us instead of our Anglifying them?”

  42. Chapter 3 Section 3The Commercial North • Homework • Enlightenment • Benjamin Franklin • Jonathan Edwards • Great Awakening

  43. Chapter 3 Section 3The Commercial North • Commerce Grows in the North • Slavery in the North • Did exist in New England & was Extensive in the Middle Colonies • Unlike the South, slaves in the north did have some legal standing • Could sue & be sued • Right of appeal / use of court system

  44. Chapter 3 Section 3The Commercial North • Commerce Grows in the North • Slavery in the NORTH • Harsh conditions as in South • Laws forbade them from owning weapons and getting together • Rebellions • 1712 New York 21 executed • 1741 fear of a potential uprising – leads to burning alive of 13 slaves & hanging of 18 other slaves

  45. Chapter 3 Section 3The Commercial North • Women In Northern Society • Northern Colonial Wives • Lots of work • No legal rights • No vote • Could not enter into contracts • Could not buy or sell property • Could not keep their own wages (if they worked outside home) • Only single women/ widows could run their own business

  46. Chapter 3 Section 3The Commercial North • Salem Witch Trials – Feb 1692 • Environment of Fear due to • Strict limits on women • Fear of Native American attack • RELIGIOUS FANATICISM • False accusations • 19 Hanged • 01 Crushed to Death • 150 Imprisoned

  47. Chapter 3 Section 3The Commercial North • New Ideas Influence the Colonists • The Enlightenment & Religion • Beginning around the Renaissance period, humans began to look beyond religious tenets to answer questions about the workings of the world • Individuals moved from belief in spiritual prescripts to scientific research & methodologies • As humans began to find that mathematical logic could be used to address many of the physical wonders of the universe – the authoritarian position of the church and religion weakened

  48. Chapter 3 Section 3The Commercial North • New Ideas Influence the Colonists • The Enlightenment & Authoritarian Govt’s • As with religion, some European & Colonial figures began to reflect upon the rights of an individual • This concept challenged the current notion that a ruling class/government did not have the authority to deny its people what are considered to be natural rights

  49. Chapter 3 Section 3The Commercial North • New Ideas Influence the Colonists • The Great Awakening • Puritans losing control of their region • Remember Charter of 1691 that demanded tolerance • Membership decreasing • People are focused on the Material World not the Here-After • Two approaches are taken to try to retain/grow membership • “Old Lights” rely upon authoritarian means • “New Lights” travel the colonies & use revival meetings to convert / attract members • New Denominations – e.g., Baptists, Methodists

  50. Chapter 3 Section 3The Commercial North • New Ideas Influence the Colonists • Enlightenment stressed human rights & reasoning • The Great Awakening stressed the importance of the individual & de-emphasized the role of church authority

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