Session 4: solutions

1. Session 4: solutions • This session isexpected to define solutions to the identifiedproblemsthrough: • A bettercooperative effort withinour group: • publications (includingpublishing the outcomes of this workshop) • building projects (collecting in situ measurements, building datasets, visitingscientistactivities) • Better links with the Arcticcommunitythroughinvolvements  in National or international programs. • There are information to exchange and issues to discusssuch as: Woulditbeinteresting to approachtheseprojectscollectively (under the OSI SAF umbrella?) or not.....

2. Session 1 : summary of actions (1) Session 1: Summary of actions • Cloud/ice detection : add an ice class to the Bayesian cloud detection, extend the Bayesian cloud detection to AVHRR GAC, improve the prior SST error estimate (UoR) • NRT OSI SAF METOP chain : build an Arctic atmospheric profile data base to be used for regional Arctic SST algorithms (CMS + Met Norway + DMI), compare METOP SST biases in the Arctic obtained by CMS and DMI • SST algorithms in the Arctic : use the MMS to further examine NWP in relation to SST algorithms errors (DMI) • Physics-based SST retrieval in the Arctic : investigate RTTOV error covariances by comparison with LBL model (CMS), further develop the idea of a “bias aware” OE (UoR)

3. Session 1 : summary of actions (2) Session 1: Summary of actions • Lack of in-situ measurements : look for historical data from research campaigns/vessels (DMI, Met Norway, CMS/Ifremer) • Skin effect : implement Fairall model in MDBs (CMS) • Papers to come : • 7 years of METOP-A Arctic results (CMS) • CCI high latitude SST algorithms (DMI) • Others ?

4. Session 2, summary of actions, (Emma) • New reference dataset needed (VIIRS?) • MIZ problems • pseudo-observations under ice • length scales problems, vary with ice edge? • SST and ice relationships • also for use in balance relationships for ice assimilation • Arctic GMPE, to include DMI highlatitude L4

5. Summary of actions, session 3 (input from Steinar)

6. Solutions

7. Cooperation within the group ? • Joint publications ? • Publish the workshop results ? • Small projects, 2-4 partners, (Were to apply ? ): • Atmposheric profile data set (Jacob, Herve, Steinar, Cristina) • SST and ice concentration relationships (Jacob, Emma ) ? • Wiki set up (Steinar) • Include information + reader code on in situ obs in Wiki (All) • GOTM preliminary studies (Ioanna, Pierre, Sonia, Chris, Herve) • Skin effects in Arctic, using FOAM (Alison, Chris) • Student projects (Chris) • Visiting scientists (Earthtemp, OSI-SAF, other ? ) • Larger projects: (Part of Horizon 2020 ? ) • Focused meetings can be envisaged for the smaller projects, within the Earthtemp visiting scientists or OSI-SAF VS

8. Links to Arctic community, existing projects: • NACLIM (Jacob) (EU FP7, 2012-2017, 18 partners): Assess the quality and skill of climate predictions • ICE-ARC (Jacob)(EU FP7, 2014-2018): Focus is on the rapid retreat and collapse of the Arctic sea ice cover and to assess the climatic (ice, ocean, atmosphere and ecosystem) changes • IAOOS (Pierre): Monitoring Arctic climate change, up to 40 platforms, Ocean and Ice, NRT • Arctic ROOS(Jacob): Operational monitoring and forecasting of ocean circulation, water masses, ocean surface conditions, sea ice and biological/chemical constituents • HadISST: Monthly fields of SST and sea ice concentration from 1870 to date • ACCESS(Pierre): Monitoring and modeling Arctic climate change in ocean atm and sea ice • OSI SAF(Pierre+ Herve):algorithm development, operational processing AVHRR and VIIRS • OSI SAF(Herve) S3-FA: federated activity on High Latitude validation of SLSTR SST • NAACOS(Jacob): Ice obs + ocean modelling, IMB set out • NORMAP(Steinar): reprocessing AVHRR GAC • SST CCI 2 (Steinar): cloud/ice masking • MyOcean2Arctic SST(Cristina) + IST level 4analysis(Jacob) + Diurnal analysis (Alison) • MERCATOR Blanc (Herve): High resolution re analysis from 2007 till 2014 over the ArcticGreenland Research Climate Center(Jacob): Arctic SST reanalysis + IST + ocean colour

9. Summary What is the main outcome of this meeting and how do we take the next step to actually solve these problems ? • Publication ideas ? • Project ideas ? • What is the bestway to approach otherprojects ? • Identify key persons to publications and project ideas • Can we put preliminary deadlines on some of the work • Way forward from here

10. Horizon2020 • 10. Improving the Performances of the SST at European Level • Indicative budget 12 Meuro • SST = Space surveillance and tracking

11. Horizon2020 • EO-1-2014: New ideas for Earth-relevant space applications • New and hitherto immature uses of Earth-relevant space-based data (also taking into account specific satellite sensor acquisition modes) should be investigated to enable integration or assimilation into scientific investigations related to Earth system sciences, or forecasting models at regional or wider geographical extent. Attention should be given to space based data covering geographic areas sensitively affecting the earth system, as is the case for instance for the Arctic and Antarctic regions. • EO-2-2014: Climate Change relevant space-based Data reprocessing and calibration • Specific challenge: Research areas such as Climate Change address long time periods of data records, where historical data are essential to identify reliable trends and anomalies. The data from past remote sensing missions available either from European and non-European missions, must be made accessible in a way to establish seamless time series of similar observations, contributing to the generation of Climate Data Records across sensors and technologies over two decades and more. At the same time, the relevance of space derived variables and products needs to be critically examined, and enhanced to optimally fit the requirements arising from current policy issues in a variety of EU sectors. This includes the needs of assessment of impact of climate change, as well as mitigation and adaptation strategies in different societal benefit areas. This work is complementary to efforts undertaken by ESA in the Climate Change Initiative (CCI), and will require coordination with on-going efforts accordingly. • EO-3-2014: Observation capacity mapping in the context of Atmospheric and Climate change monitoring • Scope: To achieve this, research is needed to assess gaps in remote observation availability and suitable approaches for defining virtual observation constellations. It should include mapping of ground based networks, airborne, balloons and sub-orbital platforms as well as space based sensors. Appropriate calibration and validation of data is to be assessed, charting the campaigns that will be needed to cover the climate change monitoring needs in years to come from remote sensing data gathered over land, water and icy surfaces.A mapping of available/deployed sensor technologies and measurements should be performed as a first step, to identify gaps in available systems and current knowledge to characterise the atmospheric, measure atmospheric profiles, profiles and different ground level conditions and ensure the provision of reliable and accurate Climate Data Records for the atmosphere, land surfaces and oceans. This information should also lay the basis for drawing up the need for dedicated calibration and validation campaigns combining instruments and measurements deployed in ground based networks, airborne, UAV, balloons, sub-orbital and in-orbit platforms, as relevant for climate change monitoring. Since this activity is highly reliant on consensus of the users in form of the scientific community involved in subsequent climate change and atmospheric measurements/modelling, the proposal will have to mobilise such key players across Europe and globally, and will have to include mechanisms regarding best practices to reach a consensus on the strategies proposed.