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The Scientific Method. Essential Question: How can the scientific method be applied to daily experiences?. Objectives: Understand the components of the scientific method Apply the scientific method. What We’re Learning…. The Scientific Method . Starts with a question
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Essential Question: How can the scientific method be applied to daily experiences? Objectives: Understand the components of the scientific method Apply the scientific method. What We’re Learning…
The Scientific Method • Starts with a question • Only tests one question at a time
Observation Research Hypothesis Experiment Collect Data Analyze Data Draw Conclusions Share Information Steps to the Scientific Method
Starts with…. • Observation • Using the five senses (taste, touch, smell, sight, sound)
Inference • A statement about a general situation based on prior knowledge
Inductive reasoning • Uses specific instances to create a general rule. • EX. You’ve lost your house key. • You were wearing your gray jacket when you remember having it. • Previously, you’ve lost small items through a hole in the pocket into the lining. • Your house key must be in the lining of the gray jacket.
Deductive reasoning • Applying a general rule to a specific situation. • EX. The dog is panting. • She must be hot and thirsty. • Her water bowl must be empty. • When you check, you find that it is. • If the dog is panting, then she must be hot and need water.
Followed by… • Research • Books, journals, magazines, newspapers, electronic sources • Should be CURRENT
Create a….. • Hypothesis • Educated Guess/Possible Explanation • If…Then…. statement
Design an… • Experiment • Process of testing a hypothesis • Must have: • Independent Variable/I.V. (manipulated variable)---thing we purposely change • Dependent Variable/D.V. (responding variable)—measured response of the I.V. • Trials/Sample Size-- # of times experiment is run • Control—Experiment run without the I.V. used for comparison • Constants– Conditions kept the same for all trials
Collect… • Data • Collected during experiments • Expressed in charts and graphs • Two types • Quantitative—numerical data (Ex. 1,2,3) • Qualitative—descriptive data (Ex. Fast/Slow)
Graphs Need… • Meaningful Title • Legend • D.V.—Y-Axis • I.V.—X-Axis Depe nden t Var iable Legend: Independent Variable—X-Axis
Analyze Data… • Compare and contrast your findings
Draw… • Conclusions • Support or reject hypothesis • What you discovered • Any mistakes or improvements? • Sources of errors—Errors in the experiment that may have changed the results
Major Discovery? • Theory--Many scientists have tested and gotten the same results • Law - a phenomenon of nature that has been proven to invariably occur whenever certain conditions exist or are met. It is generally accepted to be true and universal.
