Research Program Overview From the University of California, Davis

1. H2 Research Program Overview From the University of California, Davis

2. STEPS Program Goals & Objectives • The overarching goal of the program Develop methods that allow for robust comparisons of different fuel / vehicle pathways. • The objectives of the program are • Comparative analysis research. Conduct independent, interdisciplinary research on multiple pathways • Knowledge dissemination. Communicate research to sponsors, scientific community, and policy makers • Education. Educate next generation of engineers, scientists, business and policy decision-makers

3. Addressing Transportation Energy Challenges Climate change, Air quality, Energy security, Peak oil • Transportation Efficiency • Vehicle fuel economy • Congestion relief • Road design • Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) • Alternative Fuels & Vehicle Technology • Hydrogen • Biofuels • Electric drive vehicles • Advanced ICE engines • Low-carbon liquid fuels • Reduced Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) • Carpooling • Mass transit • Urban design STEPS Focus

4. Research Scope: Cross Comparisons • HYDROGEN • Fuel Cell Vehicles • H2-ICE Vehicles • BIOFUELS • Bio-ICE Vehicles • Hybrid Vehicles • ELECTRICITY • Battery-electric • Plug-in hybrids • FOSSIL FUELS • Business as usual • Low-carbon cases Project Areas: Markets, Infrastructure, Lifecycle Analysis, Policy, Vehicle Technology

5. Research Scope: Project Areas Continuing hydrogen research - ; Existing experience at UC Davis - ; Potential new research -

6. Characterize future scenarios and opportunities Transition Analysis Integrate a broader range of factors and interactions System Integration Apply consistent metrics of comparison Comparison Metrics 3 Levels of Comparative Analysis

7. “Silver Bullet” Theories • There is no such thing as a “silver bullet” or one answer for the transportation energy challenges • The real comparative questions are: • What are viable near-term solutions? • What are viable long-term solutions and what commitment is needed now? • How can near-term solutions leverage long-term solutions? • Which solutions work well in tandem given there won’t be one answer? • What policy and/or market signals are needed to move society in this direction? • STEPS will address this with independent research

8. Research Approach • Develop analysis tools with ability for cross comparison • Publish research and present findings; Make assumptions public and visible • Independent research projects, but with requirement that they incorporate cross-comparison aspects • Integrative Scenarios thread will study the combined perspective, and will incorporate results and themes from the independent projects

9. Unique Aspects of STEPS • Comparative & Interdisciplinary analysis • Strong analytic capacity for integrative research • Leverage from other energy research at UC Davis • Active engagement with policy development at the state and federal level • Research consortium, good relationship with sponsors

10. Program Sponsorship • Energy Industry • BP • Chevron • Shell Hydrogen • PG&E • TOTAL • Government • Caltrans • NRCan • US EPA • US DOE • US DOT • Automotive Industry • BMW • DaimlerChrysler • Ford • General Motors • Honda • Nissan • Subaru • Toyota • Volkswagen

11. Consortia Based Funding • Consortium structure developed over the last 10 years at ITS • Allows for great flexibility in research structure • One can “jump in” to a research topic, rather than changing scope of contract • Facilitates interaction amongst varying industries • Sponsor contribution leverages all other sponsors in the program – i.e. research dollars are multiplied by 20X

12. Sample STEPS Projects • Consumer behavior Thread • What is the consumer response to fuel economy? • Vehicle demonstrations • Meaning of “green” • Business Strategy and Policy Thread • Study of business adaptation under particular transition pathway, and the policy that will encourage that change • Incentives for firms under and LCFS

13. Sample Projects, Con’t • Vehicle Design Thread • Development of cross-comparison simulation tools • Detailed cost analysis / predictions for advanced vehices • Infrastructure System Analysis Thread • Builds on H2P research • Spatial analysis, build-out scenarios • Modeling, analysis of infrastructure across varying pathways, including analysis of existing infrastructure

14. Research Projects, Con’t • Energy, Environmental, and Cost Analysis • Lifecycle Emissions Model (LEM) • The Lifecycle Emissions Model (LEM) calculates lifecycle emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse-gases from a wide range of fuels, vehicles, materials, and transportation modes. • Lifetime social cost and energy-use model (AVCEM) • The Advanced Vehicle Cost and Energy-Use Model (AVCEM) calculates the lifetime private and social cost of a wide range of advanced alternative-fuel and electric vehicles. • Social-cost calculator (SCC) • The Social-Cost Calculator (SCC) calculates the external and social costs of transportation plans involving gasoline and diesel trucks and buses.

15. Research Projects, Con’t • Integrative Scenarios Thread • Large-scale, broad scope models • Analysis of LCFS impact • Will study many different options to achieve LCFS goal of reduced carbon impact

16. Research Area Leadership Threads: “Cross-Comparison” Focus Tracks: “Interdisciplinary” Focus Tracks Threads

17. Thank You http://steps.its.ucdavis.edu