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SIMPLE MACHINES

ALL MACHINES ARE CONSTRUCTED FROM SIX SIMPLE MACHINESLEVERINCLINED PLANEWEDGESCREWWHEEL AND AXLEPULLEY. LEVER. A BAR THAT PIVOTS AT A FIXED POINT CALLED A FULCRUM.3 CLASSES OF LEVERSBASED UPON THE LOCATION OF THE FULCRUM , LOAD AND INPUT FORCE. FULCRUM

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SIMPLE MACHINES

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    1. SIMPLE MACHINES CHAPTER 4 SECTION 3 “TYPES OF MACHINES”

    2. ALL MACHINES ARE CONSTRUCTED FROM SIX SIMPLE MACHINES LEVER INCLINED PLANE WEDGE SCREW WHEEL AND AXLE PULLEY

    3. LEVER A BAR THAT PIVOTS AT A FIXED POINT CALLED A FULCRUM. 3 CLASSES OF LEVERS BASED UPON THE LOCATION OF THE FULCRUM , LOAD AND INPUT FORCE

    4. FULCRUM – THE POINT WHERE A LEVER PIVOTS LOAD – THE WEIGHT OR MASS BEING MOVED BY THE LEVER INPUT FORCE – THIS IS THE FORCE THAT THE PERSON EXERTS

    5. First-class levers Examples: Seesaw (also known as a teeter-totter) Crowbar Pliers (double lever) Scissors (double lever)

    7. Second-class levers Examples: Wheelbarrow Nutcracker (double lever) The handle of a pair of nail clippers An oar

    9. Third-class levers Examples: Human arm Tongs (double lever) (where hinged at one end, the style with a central pivot is first-class) Catapult Any number of tools, such as a hoe or scythe The main body of a pair of nail clippers, in which the handle exerts the incoming force

    11. How do we Calculate Mechanical Advantage of a Lever- For the Lever: MA = length of effort arm ÷ length of resistance arm.

    12. INCLINED PLANE

    13. The inclined plane is a plane surface set at an angle, other than a right angle, against a horizontal surface. The inclined plane permits one to overcome a large resistance by applying a relatively small force through a longer distance than the load is to be raised.

    14. The longer the incline plane is compared to the height, the greater the mechanical advantage.

    15. MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE CALCULATE MA OF AN INCLINE PLANE BY DIVIDING THE LENGTH BY THE HEIGHT. MA = LENGTH / HEIGHT

    16. INCLINE PROBLEMS

    19. EXAMPLES OF INCLINE PLANES

    21. SCREW AN INCLINED PLANE WRAPPED AROUND IN A SPIRAL. A SMALL FORCE IS APPLIED OVER A LONG DISTANCE.

    23. WEDGE A DOUBLE INCLINE PLANE THAT MOVES THE LONGER AND THINNER THE WEDGE – THE GREATER MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE

    24. MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE OF A WEDGE

    26. SECTION REVIEW QUESTIONS PAGE 102 NUMBERS 1-3

    27. WHEEL AND AXLE A SIMPLE MACHINE MADE UP OF TWO CIRCULAR OBJECTS OF DIFFERENT SIZES AXLE IS THE SMALLER OF THE TWO

    28. RADUIS – DISTANCE FROM THE CENTER OF A CIRCLE TO THE PERIMETER (OUTSIDE)

    29. MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE You apply a force on the wheel, whose radius R is larger than the axle. The force is transmitted to the axle, which has radius r. This resultant force, which is bigger than the force you applied, does some work for you. The force that does the work is bigger by a factor of  R/r For example, if the wheel is 10 times wider than the axle, the resultant force will be 10 times bigger.

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