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Brief Summary of Fay & Golomb Ch2. 2/12/13. Chapter in Brief. Objective: to provide an idea of the amounts involved in energy usage and supply by human society World energy usage, supplies and associated emissions US energy usage World situation regarding energy resources.
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Chapter in Brief • Objective: to provide an idea of the amounts involved in energy usage and supply by human society • World energy usage, supplies and associated emissions • US energy usage • World situation regarding energy resources
World Energy Consumption • From ~ 300 (1980) to ~ 500 (2010) EJ/y • Per capita • 200-400 GJ/y (More Developed Countries) • 20-80 GJ/y (Less Developed Countries) • Per $ GDP • 4-20 MJ/$GDP (World)
World Energy Sources • Fossil Fuels (Petroleum, NG and Coal) make up ~85% of all energy consumed • Proportions of Renewables and Nuclear slowly increasing from 1980 on and expected to continue increasing
World Electricity Usage • ~65% of all electricity generated from fossil fuels • From ~ 7 (1980) to ~ 20 (2010) TWh/y
US Energy Consumption • 105 EJ/y (2008) • Key consuming Sectors (2006) • Industrial (~30%; ~10% boiler fuel) • Transportation (~30%; ~15% personal autos) • Residential (~20%; ~10% appliances & light) • Commercial (~20%;~10% light & heat)
World Energy Supply: Coal • Reserves: 1 Tton (bituminous & anthracite; ~50% US and USSR) • Higher Heating Value (HHV) ~ 30 MJ/kg • Energy equivalent: 25,000 EJ • Consumption (2008): 140 EJ/y
World Energy Supply: Petroleum • Reserves: 1.6 Tbbl • Average heating value: ~6 GJ/bbl • Energy equivalent: 10,000 EJ • Consumption (2008): 180 EJ/y
World Energy Supply: Natural Gas • Reserves: ~200 Tm^3 • Average heating value: ~40 MJ/m^3 • Energy equivalent: 7,350 EJ • Consumption (2008): 120 EJ/y