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Cloud Computing 101

Learn about the concept and advantages of cloud computing, how libraries can utilize web services in the cloud, and what libraries are currently doing in the cloud. Includes a discussion on the continuum of abstraction and different types of cloud computing services.

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Cloud Computing 101

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  1. Cloud Computing 101 Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technology and Research Vanderbilt University Library Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http://www.librarytechnology.org/ http://twitter.com/mbreeding Basic concepts and library applications Oct 18, 2011 Internet Librarian 2011

  2. Summary • So exactly what does it mean to move data and services to the “cloud”? This cybertour discusses the concept; the advantages of cloud computing, where your documents and data live on the internet; how you can utilize web services in the cloud; and what libraries are currently doing in the cloud.

  3. Continuum of Abstraction • Locally owned and installed servers • Co-located servers • Co-located virtual servers • Web hosting • Server hosting services • Application Service Provider • Software-as-a-service • Infrastructure-as-a-service • Platform-as-a-service The Advance of Computing From the Ground to the Cloud Computers in Libraries, December 2009 http://www.librarytechnology.org/ltg-displaytext.pl?RC=14384

  4. What is Cloud computing? • Wikipedia: “Cloud computing is Internet-based computing, whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices on demand, like the electricity grid.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing

  5. Cloud computing as marketing term • Cloud computing used very freely, tagged to almost any virtualized environment • Any arrangement where the library relies on some kind of remote hosting environment for major automation components • Includes almost any vendor-hosted product offering

  6. Cloud computing – characteristics • Web-based Interfaces • Externally hosted • Pricing: subscription or utility • Highly abstracted computing model • Provisioned on demand • Scaled according to variable needs • Elastic – consumption of resources can contract and expand according to demand

  7. Fundamental technology shift • Mainframe computing • Client/Server • Cloud Computing http://www.flickr.com/photos/carrick/61952845/ http://soacloudcomputing.blogspot.com/2008/10/cloud-computing.html http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-10-2001/jw-1019-jxta.html

  8. Gartner Hype Cycle 2009

  9. Gartner Hype Cycle 2010

  10. Gartner Hype Cycle 2011

  11. Local Computing • Traditional model • Locally owned and managed • Shifting from departmental to enterprise • Departmental servers co-located in central IT data centers • Increasingly virtualized

  12. Virtualization • The ability for multiple computing images to simultaneously exist on one physical server • Physical hardware partitioned into multiple instances using virtual machine management tools such as Vmware • Applicable to local, remote, and cloud models

  13. Application service provider • Business applications hosted by software vendor • Standalone application on discrete or virtualized hardware • Staff and public clients accessed via the Internet • Same user interfaces and functionality as if installed locally

  14. ASP vs SaaS From: THINKstrategies: CIO’s Guide to Software-as-a-Service

  15. Software-as-a-Service • Complete software application, customized for customer use • Software delivered through cloud infrastructure, data stored on cloud • Eg: Salesforce.com—widely used business infrastructure

  16. Google Apps

  17. Microsoft Office 365

  18. Enterprise SaaS deployments • Many universities outsourcing mail • Retain institutional domain names • Google Apps Education Edition • Gmail • Microsoft Live@Edu

  19. Infrastructure-as-a-service • Provisioning of Equipment • Servers, storage • Virtual server provisioning • Examples: • Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) • Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) • Rackspace Cloud (http://www.rackspacecloud.com/) • EMC2 Atmos (http://www.atmosonline.com/)

  20. Amazon EC2 • Machine Instances • Red Hat Enterprise Linux • Debian • Fedora • Ubuntu Linux • Open Solaris • Windows Server 2003/2008

  21. Storage-as-a-Service • Provisioned, on-demand storage • Bundled to, or separate from other cloud services

  22. Platform-as-a-Platform as a Service • Virtualized computing environment for deployment of software • Application engine, no specific server provisioning • Examples: • Google App Engine • SDKs for Java, Python • Heroku: ruby platform • Amazon Web Service

  23. Private vs Public cloud • Public – multi-tenant provisioning • Logically isolated computing environment • Theoretical security / competitive concerns • Private – cloud architecture, institutionally controlled • Enforces physical segregation • Leverages cost and scalability • Institutions may require private clouds from providers • Institutions may operate their own cloud infrastructure for internal clients

  24. Library automation through SaaS • Almost all library automation products offered through hosted options • Saas or ASP?

  25. ILS Products offered as SaaS (mostly ASP_ • SirsiDynix Symphony • SirsiDynix Horizon • Innovative Interfaces Millennium • Ex Libris Aleph • EOS International EOS.Web • Evergreen – Equinox Software • Koha – LibLime, ByWater, many others internationally • …many other examples …

  26. Multi-tenant SaaS • Serials Solutions • Summon • Web-scale management solution • 360 Search, 360 Link, KnowledgeWorks • ExLibris • Alma • Primo Central • BiblioCommons • OCLC Web-scale Management Services

  27. Repositories in the cloud • Dspace – institutional repository application • Fedora – generalized repository platform • DuraSpace – organization now over both Dspace and Fedora • DuraCloud – shared, hosted repository platform • Pilot since 2009, production in early 2011 • http://www.duraspace.org/duracloud.php

  28. Caveats and concerns with SaaS • Libraries must have adequate bandwidth to support access to remote applications without latency • Quality of service agreements that guarantee performance and reliability factors • Configurability and customizability limitations • Access to API’s • Ability to interoperate with 3rd party applications • Eg: Connect SaaS ILS with discovery product from another vendor

  29. Cost implications • Total cost of ownership • Do all cost components result in increased or decreased expense • Personnel costs – need less technical administration • Hardware – server hardware eliminated • Software costs: subscription, license, maintenance/support • Indirect costs: energy costs associated with power and cooling of servers in data center • IaaS: balance elimination of hardware investments for ongoing usage fees • Especially attractive for development and prototyping

  30. Risks and concerns • Privacy of data • Policies, regulations, jurisdictions • Ownership of data • Avoid vendor lock-in • Integrity of Data • Backups and disaster recovery

  31. Security issues • Most providers implement stronger safeguards beyond the capacity of local institutions • Virtual instances equally susceptible to poor security practices as local computing

  32. Cloud computing trends for libraries • Increased migration away from local computing toward some form of remote / hosted / virtualized alternative • Cloud computing especially attractive to libraries with few technology support personnel • Adequate bandwidth will continue to be a limiting factor

  33. Increased pressure • Library automation vendors promoting SaaS offerings • Some companies already exclusively SaaS • Software pricing increasingly favorable to SaaS

  34. Caveat • technologies promoted by companies and organizations have a vested interest in their adoption • Critically assess viability of the technology and its appropriateness for your organization

  35. Questions and Discussion

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