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Review of “Isms”

Review of “Isms”. The belief that the history has been created by conflicting interests--the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. Socialism. The belief that equality under the law and constitutionalism are paramount to good government. Liberalism.

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Review of “Isms”

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  1. Review of “Isms”

  2. The belief that the history has been created by conflicting interests--the bourgeoisie and the proletariat Socialism

  3. The belief that equality under the law and constitutionalism are paramount to good government Liberalism

  4. Spreading of economic, political, social or other control over foreign lands and people (post-industrial age) • Imperialism

  5. Strong sense of belonging to one group based on language, culture, history; desire for unified country • Nationalism

  6. Mazzini, Garibaldi, Cavour • Unifiers of Italy

  7. Frederick Wilhelm, Otto von Bismarck • Unifiers of Germany

  8. Karl Marx, Frederick Engels • Brains behind socialism

  9. Alexis de Tocqueville • Wrote “Democracy in America” • Liberal theorist • Supporter of Constitutional Monarchy • Supporter of Reform not revolution

  10. Positive view toward nature, human emotion, against Ind Rev • Romanticism

  11. Germany after Napoleon I • 38 German State Confederation

  12. Germany over last 300 years • 300 Germans provinces and princes • Holy Roman Empire • Peace of Augsburg • 30 Years War/Peace of Westphalia • Rise of Prussia • Hohenzollerns, Brandenburg • Confederation of the Rhine • German Confederation • Who should lead—Big Germans, Small Germans

  13. Herder’s romantic concept • Volkgeist—spirit of the people

  14. Other German romantic nationalists • Grimms Brothers, Treischke, Fabri,

  15. 1848 Revolution in Prussia sequence • Frankfurt Assembly • Attempt to unify Germans • Disagree over Big/Small Germans • Not organized • Crown offered to FW IV • Frederick William IV turns down crown • German Confederation 39 states

  16. Austria areas of revolution • Vienna—constitution, liberal, German • Prague—nationalist, Czechs/Bohemians, failed, government crushed • Budapest—Magyars/Hungarians, Kossuth, March Laws, crushed after several months (1849)

  17. Magyar leader • Kossuth

  18. Other revolutions 1830-1848 • Greece • Italy • France—1830 deposed Chas X • France—1848 Feb, June

  19. Sardinia, Papal States, Austrian territories, Piedmont • Before Italian Unification--all independent states • Joined the Italian confederation

  20. What other areas of the world have written about and fought for national identity? • Greece, Croatia, Serbia, Kosovo, Bosnia, Chechnya, Taiwan, etc.

  21. Slogan “Blood and Iron” • Otto von Bismarck

  22. Realpolitik means • Do whatever is necessary to carry out goals; politics of reality • Bismarck

  23. French Revolution was this kind of revolution • Liberal Revolution

  24. 3 ways Italy was unified: • Diplomacy • War • Public support

  25. In order to unify Italy, Cavour allied with what country? • France

  26. Key imperialists: • Stanley, Livingstone • Kichener • Rhodes • DeBrazza • Leopold II

  27. Cecil Rhodes, Emigration Societies • Rhodes was an British Imperialist • Cairo to Capetown Railroad design • Emigration Societies got men and women to go to colonies

  28. South Africa, Egypt, India, Ghana, Nigeria • English colonies • gradual decolonization emphasized

  29. Indochina, Algeria, Tunisia • French colonies • Assimilation emphasized • Revolutions necessary to decolonize

  30. Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico • American “Spheres of Influence” • After Spanish American War

  31. Lenin believed it was the highest stage of Capitalism • Imperialism due to industrialism • Need for markets and resources

  32. Fascism is its worst enemy • Liberalism • Individual rights, constitutionalism

  33. New imperialism is different from old colonialism in what way? • Industrial age • Need for markets and raw materials • Highest stage of capitalism

  34. Motivations for Imperialism… • Raw materials and markets • Civilizing mission • Living space • National power

  35. Colonial Conflicts • Sudan—Omduran—England, Muslims • Fashoda—England v. France; N Africa • Boer War—S. Africa; Eng v Dutch

  36. Meeting where rules for splitting Africa created • Berlin Conference 1885

  37. Imperialism’s Affect on Women-- • Need for talented women in the colonies • Serve national needs of mother country • Jill of all trades

  38. Imperialism’s Affect on Indigenous people? • Outside control of resources • Outside control of economy and gov’t • People begin to want independence

  39. Africa was known as the Dark Continent--Why? • Europeans did not know much about the interior of Africa • Diseases and lack of maps/transportation kept them along coastal areas

  40. True or False: Decolonization is the process of getting independence from imperialists • True

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