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What is Effluent ?

What is Effluent ?. Effluent is "wastewater - treated or untreated - that flows out of a treatment plant, sewer, or industrial outfall. … by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Where is it generated?. Treatment plants Industrial Sites Sewer Homes. Why Treatment.

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What is Effluent ?

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  1. What is Effluent ? • Effluent is "wastewater - treated or untreated - that flows out of a treatment plant, sewer, or industrial outfall. … by the United States Environmental Protection Agency

  2. Where is it generated? • Treatment plants • Industrial Sites • Sewer • Homes

  3. Why Treatment • To remove pollutants from waste water for its possible recycling or discharge • To promote health concern and public hygiene • To prevent or delay the deterioration of receiving water bodies • Preservation of Aquatic life and wildlife habitat • To promote recreation and quality of life

  4. What are the implications • Hasten the deterioration of receiving water bodies • May increase salinity, alkalinity and/or toxicity in the soil • Affects both growth and metabolism of plants • May cause decline in soil microbial activity and yield loss. • Disrupt the physicochemical properties of soil

  5. How is the Treatment Process ? Basically, three main stages are involved: • Primary • Secondary • Tertiary

  6. Process Flow Chart Waste water entry to plant Discharge to Rivers Screening and Grit Removal Primary Clarifier Biological Treatment Secondary Clarifier Filtration Ultraviolet process

  7. Preliminary Treatment • Physical process for the removal of large solids such as: • Rags • Sticks • Grit • Grease etc. …to prevent damage or result in operational problems

  8. Stage 1: Primary Treatment • Physical/Biological process involving the removal of: • Floating and settleable materials such as suspended solids and organic matter …by physical separation of grit and large objects

  9. Stage 2: Secondary Treatment • Utilizes Biological/chemical process to remove: • Biodegradable organic matter • Suspended solids … About 85% of the suspended solids and BOD can be removed by a well running plant …micro organisms convert non-settleable solids into settleable solids

  10. Stage 3: Tertiary Treatment • Removal of residual suspended solids/ dissolved solids • It can be achieved through: -Chlorination -Ultraviolet light -Ozonation … can remove more than 99% of all the impurities producing an effluent of almost drinking-water quality

  11. Process Description

  12. Characteristics of Wastewater/Environmental effect

  13. Some contaminants and their Health effect

  14. Effluent recycling : Why a challenge? • Lack of highly efficient and economic treatment technology • Awareness/ignorance • Lack of stringent conditions and enforcement • Lack of employee trainingto better their knowledge about waste reduction • High (overdosing) quantities of chemicals utilized etc.

  15. Prevention/Possible Solutions to Environmental issues associated with waste Effluent • Strict Government law • On the spot checks by Federal Environmental Protection Agency • Treatment process must be put in place before trial production for industrial unit • Effluents from industries must be diluted to avoid their adverse effect on soil • Regular toxicity tests on industrial effluent is required • Ensure pollution level must not exceed quality standards

  16. Thank You

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