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. Emotional Disturbance. . Overview. DefinitionImpact of disabilityAssistance with academic tasksbehaviorssocial skillsHierarchy of behavioral supportsPositive behavior supportBehavior support planStrategies. . Definition. "...a condition exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics over a long period of time and to a marked degree that adversely affects a child's educational performance-- An inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health f30043
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2. Emotional Disturbance
3. Overview Definition
Impact of disability
Assistance with
academic tasks
behaviors
social skills
Hierarchy of behavioral supports
Positive behavior support
Behavior support plan
Strategies
4. Definition "...a condition exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics over a long period of time and to a marked degree that adversely affects a child's educational performance--
An inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors.
An inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers. This definition contains the criteria used for determination of eligibility.This definition contains the criteria used for determination of eligibility.
5. Definition (cont.) Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances.
A general pervasive mood of
unhappiness or depression.
A tendency to develop physical
symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems."
[Code of Federal Regulations, Title 34, Section 300.7(c)(4)(i)] These two slides have provided the definition of what constitutes eligibility for emotional disturbance. The case write-up must document (but is not limited to) the following information:
Effectiveness of pre-referral interventions
That symptoms are chronic (i.e., over a long period of time)
That symptoms are pervasive (at home, school, community)
How educational performance is adversely affected by the behavior
These two slides have provided the definition of what constitutes eligibility for emotional disturbance. The case write-up must document (but is not limited to) the following information:
Effectiveness of pre-referral interventions
That symptoms are chronic (i.e., over a long period of time)
That symptoms are pervasive (at home, school, community)
How educational performance is adversely affected by the behavior
6. Social maladjustment
Behavior in conflict with parent
Behavior associated with a subculture and contrary to larger community mores
Behavior which does not render student helpless, confused or disorientated Although social maladjustment may be associated with emotional disturbance, it is not sufficient to make a student eligible as emotionally disturbed. A student with social maladjustment is likely to benefit from a behavior support plan.Although social maladjustment may be associated with emotional disturbance, it is not sufficient to make a student eligible as emotionally disturbed. A student with social maladjustment is likely to benefit from a behavior support plan.
7. Conduct disorder
Aggression against people or animals
Property destruction
Lying or theft
Serious rule violation Again, a conduct disorder is not sufficient to make a student eligible as a student with emotional disturbance.
A student with a conduct disorder would likely benefit from a behavior support plan.Again, a conduct disorder is not sufficient to make a student eligible as a student with emotional disturbance.
A student with a conduct disorder would likely benefit from a behavior support plan.
8. Impact of Disability Academic
Skill deficits
Trouble beginning tasks
Difficulty maintaining attention
Problems completing tasks
Students with emotional disturbance can be easily frustrated by the demands of the academic task and will often need additional encouragement to complete assignments.Students with emotional disturbance can be easily frustrated by the demands of the academic task and will often need additional encouragement to complete assignments.
9. Externalizing – Acting out
Aggression
Defiance
Disruption
Fighting
Internalizing - Withdrawing
Isolation
Self abuse
Depression
Anxiety
Interaction with others (making and keeping friends)
Coping strategies
Reading social cues
Impact … Behavior Students with an emotional disturbance can manifest that disturbance in a variety of ways and in a variety of circumstances. In terms of behavior these three headings describe the ways in which the student demonstrates behavior.Students with an emotional disturbance can manifest that disturbance in a variety of ways and in a variety of circumstances. In terms of behavior these three headings describe the ways in which the student demonstrates behavior.
10. Academic Tasks - Assistance Provide clear, specific directions
Use curricular interventions
Tasks at student’s academic level
Assignments broken into smaller parts
Breaks given as needed
Student strengths utilized to learn new material
Opportunities for choice making Good instruction dictates that we “meet” the students at his/her current level of performance. One of the most common causes of misbehavior in classrooms is poorly adapted instruction. If participation in class is difficult or unpleasant, the result will be either too much behavior (errors, acting out) or not enough behavior (accuracy, quality, withdrawal.)Good instruction dictates that we “meet” the students at his/her current level of performance. One of the most common causes of misbehavior in classrooms is poorly adapted instruction. If participation in class is difficult or unpleasant, the result will be either too much behavior (errors, acting out) or not enough behavior (accuracy, quality, withdrawal.)
11. Externalizing & Internalizing Behaviors – Assistance Listen to/observe student and make adjustments
Teach relaxation techniques
Teach alternate behaviors It is important to collect data on the student’s behavior in order to have objective information on which to based decisions. Rather than rely on impressions which can be colored by emotional responses, one needs to look carefully at the context in which the behavior occurs. By observing the student throughout the day one can often determine what issues seem to be affecting the student’s behavior.It is important to collect data on the student’s behavior in order to have objective information on which to based decisions. Rather than rely on impressions which can be colored by emotional responses, one needs to look carefully at the context in which the behavior occurs. By observing the student throughout the day one can often determine what issues seem to be affecting the student’s behavior.
12. Social Skills - Assistance Teach social skills proactively
Break skills down into parts
Teach, model, practice and reinforce skills
Teach self-regulating skills Students with emotional disturbance do not pick up on social skills without direct, explicit instruction. The instruction needs to occur in context so that it is meaningful. For example knowing how to form a line is as important as knowing when to form a line. Teach social skills through multiple examples, frequent practice opportunities, provide feedback and monitor for success.Students with emotional disturbance do not pick up on social skills without direct, explicit instruction. The instruction needs to occur in context so that it is meaningful. For example knowing how to form a line is as important as knowing when to form a line. Teach social skills through multiple examples, frequent practice opportunities, provide feedback and monitor for success.
13. Hierarchy of Behavioral Supports School–wide positive behavior support
Classroom Management
Individual Support Plan
14. This model shows why a single intervention or approach will not meet the discipline and student support needs within a school. As depicted in the model we assume that the 75-80% of the students will arrive at school already having learned important social and academic readiness skills. An important part of any school-wide discipline and intervention program is to ensure that the skills of these students are embedded in the daily workings of the school through strategies aimed at all students. These universal interventions attempt to prevent problems before they start.
Not all students, however, respond to the universal interventions. Students with chronic patterns of problem behavior require more selected support or highly individualized and targeted support. The level and intensity of support is dictated by the level and complexity of the behavior problem. Programs such as extra academic support, extra adult attention (school-based mentors), scheduling changes, self-management and more frequent access to rewards can be used to improve the overall likelihood of school success and reduced levels of problem behavior.
For the 5-10% of students who do not respond even to selected group support, intensive, targeted intervention based on functional behavioral assessment procedures is required. These students require intensive training in social skills along with behavior support plans.
Building Effective Schools Together Participant’s Manual
The Institute on Violence and Destructive Behavior
College of Education
University of Oregon
Eugene, OR 97403
This model shows why a single intervention or approach will not meet the discipline and student support needs within a school. As depicted in the model we assume that the 75-80% of the students will arrive at school already having learned important social and academic readiness skills. An important part of any school-wide discipline and intervention program is to ensure that the skills of these students are embedded in the daily workings of the school through strategies aimed at all students. These universal interventions attempt to prevent problems before they start.
Not all students, however, respond to the universal interventions. Students with chronic patterns of problem behavior require more selected support or highly individualized and targeted support. The level and intensity of support is dictated by the level and complexity of the behavior problem. Programs such as extra academic support, extra adult attention (school-based mentors), scheduling changes, self-management and more frequent access to rewards can be used to improve the overall likelihood of school success and reduced levels of problem behavior.
For the 5-10% of students who do not respond even to selected group support, intensive, targeted intervention based on functional behavioral assessment procedures is required. These students require intensive training in social skills along with behavior support plans.
Building Effective Schools Together Participant’s Manual
The Institute on Violence and Destructive Behavior
College of Education
University of Oregon
Eugene, OR 97403
15. School-wide Positive Behavior Support School-wide rules and expectations
Defined
Taught
Modeled
Practiced
Reinforced
ALL members of school community participate in development and implementation of policy
16. Classroom Management Identify 3 – 5 clear, concise , positively stated rules
Taught, modeled, practiced, reinforced
Reinforce appropriate behavior
Predictable schedule/environment/routine
Active monitoring
Provide corrective feedback privately
Avoid power struggles between student and staff
Effective classroom management can eliminate many inappropriate behaviors. Students can participate in identifying or developing the classroom rules. The rules must be taught and reinforced in a consistent manner. When students know what the classroom schedule/routine is and how transitions between activities are managed, many inappropriate behaviors are eliminated.Effective classroom management can eliminate many inappropriate behaviors. Students can participate in identifying or developing the classroom rules. The rules must be taught and reinforced in a consistent manner. When students know what the classroom schedule/routine is and how transitions between activities are managed, many inappropriate behaviors are eliminated.
17. A-B-C
Antecedent – Behavior - Consequence
Communicative Intent (purpose of the behavior)
To get or get away from…
Sensory, Escape, Attention, Tangible
Replacement behavior
What the should the student do instead?
Must serve the same purpose
Reinforcement
How, when, how often will student be reinforced?
Individual Behavior Support Plan All behavior has a cycle of antecedent (what happened before the behavior), behavior and consequence (what happened after the behavior) The purpose of the behavior is to get or avoid sensory, escape, attention or something tangible. In order to replace a behavior you must teach a replacement behavior that achieves the same purpose as the behavior you are trying to change or eliminate. Planned reinforcement is necessary to ensure that the behavior is learned and maintained.All behavior has a cycle of antecedent (what happened before the behavior), behavior and consequence (what happened after the behavior) The purpose of the behavior is to get or avoid sensory, escape, attention or something tangible. In order to replace a behavior you must teach a replacement behavior that achieves the same purpose as the behavior you are trying to change or eliminate. Planned reinforcement is necessary to ensure that the behavior is learned and maintained.
18. Proactive
Teach new behaviors
Reinforce appropriate behavior
Emphasize positive expectations
Reactive
Does not promote new learning
May stop the behavior momentarily
Emphasize negative consequences
Proactive vs. Reactive Strategies
19. Examples of Strategies Proactive
Point system rewards
Modeling
Clear, specific expectations
Contracts Reactive
Time away
Planned ignoring
Loss of activities, privileges
Punishment
20. How Can Support Be Provided? Unconditional positive regard for the student
Teach appropriate behavior and social skills
Positive reinforcement for appropriate behavior
Prompts (visual, auditory, gesture, picture)
Frequent positive check in
with school staff
Schedules
Peer support
21. Resources Durand, V. Mark. Severe Behavior Problems. New York: Guilford Press, 1990.
House, Samm N. Behavior Intervention Manual. Columbia, MO: Hawthorne Educational Services, 2002.
Janney, Rachel, and Snell, Martha E. Behavioral Support. Baltimore: Brookes Publishing, 2000.
McCarney, Stephen, Wunderlich, Kathy, and Bauer, Angela. Pre-Refferal Intervention Manual, 2nd edition. Columbia, MO: Hawthorne Educational Services, 1993.
McGinnis, and Goldstein, Arnold P. Skillstreaming in the Elementary School Child. Champaign, IL: Research Press.
O”Neill, Robert, Horner, Robert, Albin, Richard, Sprague, Jeffrey, Storye, Keith, and Newton, J. Stephen. Functional assessment of Program Development for Problem Behavior, 2nd edition. New York: Brooks/Cole Publishing, 1997.
Wright, Diana Browning, Gurman, Harvey. Positive Intervention for Serious Behavior Problems. Sacramento: California Department of Education, 2001.