Russian Declension and Conjugation

1. Russian Declension and Conjugation Chapter 3: Noun Declension

2. Non-sexist language?? • What kinds of nouns are • Non-feminine? • Non-neuter? • Feminine? • What does the double arrow mean?

3. Non-sexist language?? • What kinds of nouns are • Non-feminine? • Masculine nouns ending in a consonant and all neuter nouns • Non-neuter? • Feminine and masculine nouns ending in –а or –я (note that ALL of these masculine nouns are virile!) • Feminine? • Feminine nouns ending in -ь

4. At both ends… • What does the double arrow mean?

5. At both ends… • What does the double arrow mean? • The ending depends on whether you have an animate or inanimate noun

6. Just FYI… • Note that there are NO gender distinctions in the plural in Russian (the sentence at the top of p. 27 is a bit misleading). • Note that whether or not the stressed –a NApl ending is “growing” for masculine nouns now is not certain. It was highly productive in the middle ages.

7. Q&A • What is strange about the distribution of Gpl endings?

8. Q&A • What is strange about the distribution of Gpl endings? • Well, j is classed among the HARD consonants…

9. Q&A • What is similar about the two Gpl endings –ej and –ov?

10. Q&A • What is similar about the two Gpl endings –ej and –ov? • They both contain a mid vowel followed by a glide, and the front mid vowel goes with the front glide, while the back mid vowel goes with the back glide

11. Q&A • Describe the relationship between the Gpl and Nsg endings.

12. Q&A • Describe the relationship between the Gpl and Nsg endings. • This is called an alpha-switching rule. Let’s talk about it.

13. The Fill Vowel • The presence of a fill vowel is not otherwise predictable, so it must be indicated in the base form • When is the fill vowel inserted?

14. The Fill Vowel • The presence of a fill vowel is not otherwise predictable, so it must be indicated in the base form • When is the fill vowel inserted? • Before a nonvocalic ending • Remember to assign stress BEFORE inserting the fill vowel!!!!

15. What Fill Vowel do you get? • Can you formulate a rule?

16. What Fill Vowel do you get? • Here’s a rule: • You get e if –K _ C’ or c (сердец) • You get i if _ j (-stress) (поверий) • You get o everywhere else (орёл)

17. When do you get softening before a fill vowel? • Gimme another rule!

18. When do you get softening before a fill vowel? • Here’s a rule: • Any consonant that can soften will soften before fill vowels e and i (овец) • You usually get softening before o (сестёр), except: • If the fill vowel is followed by k (досок) • If the fill vowel is in a root ending in a hard consonant (рот)

19. Deviants! • Look at the exceptions on pp. 35-36 • Are there any patterns to these deviations?

20. Deviants! • Look at the exceptions on pp. 35-36 • Are there any patterns to these deviations? • Yes! • All involve either Gpl or Nsg • All the feminine and neuter nouns have shifting stress on ending • The masculines that have this deviation in Nsg have fixed ending stress and mostly begin in ug- and uz-

21. Identify the Symbols

22. Identify the Symbols

23. Homework • Let’s do it!