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LIBERAL AND ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY. READINGS. Smith, Democracy , chs. 9-11 Modern Latin America , ch. 4 (Central America) NB: Optional paper due May 30. DETECTING ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY. The Rise of Electoral Democracy, 1972-2004. THE CONCEPT OF ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY.
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READINGS • Smith, Democracy, chs. 9-11 • Modern Latin America, ch. 4 (Central America) • NB: Optional paper due May 30
THE CONCEPT OF ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY • Distinct Dimensions of Democracy: • Free and Fair Elections • Citizen Rights • Systematic Curtailment of Citizen Rights
Journalists Killed in Latin America, 1990-1999 Country___ __ N Killings__ Colombia 36 Peru 12 Mexico 10 Brazil 8 Haiti 4 Argentina 3 Guatemala 3 Venezuela 2 Chile 1 Dominican Republic 1 Honduras 1 Paraguay 1 Total 82 Source: Committee to Protect Journalists, Attacks on the Press in 1999 (New York: CPJ, 2000), 23.
Table 10-2. Electoral Regimes and Freedom of the Press, 1990s _________________Regime____________________ Press____ Autocracy Semi-Democracy Democracy Not Free 1 5 2 Partly Free 1 26 51 Free 0 0 47 Totals 2 31 100
CLASSIFYING CITIZEN RIGHTS (Freedom House scales for “Civil Liberties”) • FH scores of 1-2 = Extensive • FH scores of 3-4 = Partial • FH scores of 5-7 = Minimal
Table 1. Democracy, Elections, and Citizen Rights: A Typology
1980-1989 ________________Regime___________________ Civil Liberties___ Autocracy Semi-Democracy Democracy Minimal 15 1 0 Partial 59 30 41 Extensive 1 4 39 Totals 75 35 80
1990-2000 _________________Regime_________________ Civil Liberties___ Autocracy Semi-Democracy Democracy Minimal 3 0 0 Partial 4 53 109 Extensive 0 2 38 Totals 7 55 147
Political Regimes in 1999: Countries and Population N % Regime Type___ __Countries__ __Population__ Liberal Democracy 3 <5 Illiberal Democracy 11 60 Illiberal Semi-Democracy 5 33 Autocracy 1 2
Why Illiberal Democracy? • Protection of elite interests • Control of popular masses • Under rubric of free and fair elections
SO WHAT?CYCLES OF MASS POLITICS • Unfettered and “dangerous” democracy (e.g., reformists + Allende) [1950s-] • Military coups and authoritarian regimes [1960s-] • Democracy contained [1980s-]: • Neoliberal economics, Washington consensus • Institutional constraints (e.g. MRO) • Illiberal democracy • Rise of the “new Left” [1990s-]