The Architectural System of Frank Lloyd Wright (Green & Green and Irving Gill In California Landscape)

1. The Architectural System of Frank Lloyd Wright(Green & Green and Irving Gill In California Landscape) Frank Lloyd Wright in Chicago The Prairie Style – Low-pitched, overhanging roofs, low eaves, central, wide-set fireplaces, bands of windows and outreaching garden walls utilized to emphasize the horizontal. Green & Green in California The Craftsman Style – Highly detailed buildings of traditional wood construction emphasizing singular structural elements and celebrating wood-joining techniques. Exterior emphasis was on the line, angles, projections and recesses. Irving Gill in California An Abstract Modern Regional Style – Cubist in character the buildings most often emphasized flat roofs, flat undecorated plaster or concrete wall surfaces, arched entry ways and the elimination of all decorative elements.

2. Winslow Residence, Frank Lloyd Wright, Chicago, 1893 Formal street façade contrasts with functional expression of rear façade and guest house.

3. The main façade is entirely symmetrical consisting of a stone panel set in light colored brick caped with a thin corniceThe second level is set back and textured in dark terracottaThe second level is capped by a strongly horizontal roof overhang with deep eaves

5. Larkin Building, Wright, Buffalo, New York 1905

7. The Larkin Building – Mr. Wright: • Renders the work place as a sacramental realm • Non-hierarchic, open planned office was stacked for three floors above the ground, on either side of a central top-lit “nave” running the full length of the building • Balconies inscribed with inspiring quotations, ie “Whatever ye would that others should do unto you, do ye so unto them” • The most articulated façade of the building was on the interior • Built-in ducted system for cleaning the air, heating in the winter and cooling in the summer • Expresses the concept of served and servant spaces – hollow piers at the corners of the building provide space for stairs and HVAC system

8. Unity Temple by Frank Lloyd Wright, Oak Park, Illinois, 1905-8 External massing reflects intern functions The building lacks traditional forms of decoration and religious symbolism

10. Concrete chosen for the building because it was cheap and easy to use but also because it permitted a clear expression and emphasis on the volumetric character of the building masses. • The richness of Unity Temple is derived from the contrast between the solid exterior and the luminous interiors in which the mass of the building is dissolved. • Spirituality is achieved not by symbolism but by the direct impact of spatial volumes and light.

11. Robie House, Frank Lloyd Wright, Chicago, Illinois, 1908

15. Illustrates the principle concepts of the “Prairie House” • Continuous open space around a central fireplace. • Exterior consists of strong horizontal lines contrasted with the vertical of the chimney. • Artificial lighting, heating and ventilation are integrated seamlessly into the interior design. • Traditional distinctions between wall and window, inside and out are minimized to capture the openness of the prairie. The Robie House was seminal in the development of a modern concept of space, perhaps having a greater influence on the spatial characteristics of residential design than any other home.

16. Gamble House by Charles and Henry Greene, Pasadena, California, 1908

18. Greene & Greene created total works of art in which no detail was left to the discretion of the craftsman Their work brought Western cabinet making to a level that rivaled the traditional Shinto carpentry of Japan

19. Dodge House by Irving Gill, Los Angeles, 1916 An abstract composition of forms featuring an absence of decorative elements, punched openings and smooth surfaces both inside and out.

20. Horatio West Court, Santa Monica, California by Irving Gill, 1919-1921 • White cubical objects achieve their interest primarily through the play of light and shadow on additive and subtractive compositional elements