Industrial Design

1. Industrial Design Chapter 9

3. Industrial Design is: • Service of creating & developing concepts and specifications that optimize the function, value, and appearance of products and systems for the mutual benefit of the user and manufacturer.

4. Work also includes: • User-centered ergonomics • Improving manufacturing methods • Client image considerations, including advertising and layout • Standards setting & verification • Normal professional responsibilities

5. Involved Professions • Marketing experts – appeal, value • Design engineers – layout, improv. • Biomedical engineers – usefulness, usability • Human factors experts - safety • Manufacturing engineers - mfgability • Service personnel – complaints, ease • Returns - complaints Lots of people involved!

6. Industrial Design Steps • Set usability goals • Provide quantitative basis for acceptance testing • Objective or subjective • Typically 50 goals, combination objective and subjective • Examples • Anesthetist will rate alarm control/reset controls as 5 or better on a scale of 1-7 • Machine will be calibrated and ready to go in 30 seconds or less

7. Industrial Design Steps (ctd.) • Design user interface concepts • Develop conceptual model • Develop user interface structure • Define interaction style • Develop screen template • Develop hardware layout • Develop a screenplay • Develop a refined design • Develop final design

8. Industrial Design Steps (ctd.) • Model the user interface • Build a prototype to evaluate dynamics of user interface • Software, hardware, mockup • Test user interface • At start of development effort • When prototype is developed • When marketing claims may be displayed • Conferences, office, lunchroom

9. Specifying the User Interface • Style guide • Screen hierarchy map • Screenplay • Specification prototype • Hardware layouts

10. Additional Industrial Design Considerations • Consistency and simplicity • Safety • Environmental/ Organizational Considerations

11. Documentation-Not only for Human Factors! • Written to meet needs of various target populations • Study capability and information needs of documentation users • Mental abilities • Physical abilities • Previous experience • Understanding of general operation • Special needs of environment Attempt to avoid this!

12. Alarms and Signals • Purpose is to draw attention of operator • 3 categories: • High priority: immediate response required • Red flashing light • Medium priority: prompt response required • Yellow flashing light • Low priority: awareness required • Steady yellow light • Audible signal when not in line of sight

13. Displays • Visual displays should clearly indicate system status • Graphic displays should be used when perception of pattern of variation is important • Numeric displays should be sued when quantitative accuracy is important • Displays should be consistent

14. Interactive Control • System response times should be consistent with operational requirements • Control-display relationships should be straightforward and explicit • Menu selection for interactive controls

15. Feedback and Error Management/ Data Protection • Present status, information, confirmation, and verification throughout the interaction • Standby should be accompanied by ‘WAIT’ message • Feedback should be self-explanatory • Easy methods of correcting errors

16. Think about: • Your limits in designing a new device, such as an anesthesia machine. Where would you need help?