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Physical and Chemical Changes in Matter

Discover the differences between physical and chemical changes in matter. Learn about states of matter, separation techniques, heating curves, and energy changes. Explore examples of both types of changes with this comprehensive guide.

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Physical and Chemical Changes in Matter

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  1. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

  2. Physical Changes • In a physical change, the original substance still exists. It has only changed form. • Energy changes usually do not accompany physical changes, except in phase changes and when substances dissolve.

  3. Physical Changes • Includes all changes of state (physical changes of a substance from one state to another)

  4. Solid • definite volume • definite shape • atoms are packed together in fixed positions • strong attractive forces between the atoms • only vibrate in place

  5. Liquid • definite volume • indefinite shape • atoms are close together • atoms can overcome attractive forces to flow

  6. Gases • indefinite volume • indefinite shape • atoms move very quickly • atoms are far apart • pretty weak attractive forces

  7. Changes of State

  8. HEATING CURVE

  9. Plasma • high temperature state in which atoms lose their electrons • Ex. the sun

  10. Physical Changes: Separation Techniques • Filtration- solid part is trapped by filter paper and the liquid part runs through the paper • Vaporization- where the liquid portion is evaporated off to leave solid

  11. Physical Changes: Separation Techniques • Decanting- when liquid is poured off after solid has settled to bottom • Centrifuge- machine that spins a sample very quickly so that components with different densities will separate

  12. Physical Change: Separation Techniques • Paper Chromatography- used to separate mixtures because different parts move quicker on paper than other

  13. Physical Change: Dissolving of Salt

  14. Physical Change: Boiling of Water Physical Change:

  15. Physical Change: Melting of Ice

  16. Physical Change: Cutting Grass

  17. Physical Change: Ductile - Drawn or Stretched into Wire

  18. Physical Change: Crushing a Rock

  19. Physical Change: Condensation

  20. Chemical Changes • In a chemical change, a new substance is produced. • Energy changes always accompany chemical changes.

  21. Chemical Changes in Matter • same as chemical reaction • doesn’t change the amount of matter present (Conservation of Mass) • reactants- substances that react • products- substances that form

  22. Energy Changes in Matter • when any chemical change occurs, energy is always involved • energy can be in different forms (light, heat, etc.) • energy is never destroyed or created (law of conservation of energy)

  23. Energy Changes in Matter • Exothermic Reaction- reaction that gives off energy (feels warm on outside) • Endothermic Reaction- reaction that uses up energy (feels cold on outside)

  24. Chemical Change:Fireworks

  25. Chemical Change:A Glow Worm Emits Light

  26. Chemical Change: Rusting Chain

  27. Chemical Change: Burning Candle

  28. Chemical Change: Oxidation of Apples

  29. Chemical Change: Plant Growing

  30. Chemical Change: Rotting of Wood

  31. Chemical Change: Burning of Magnesium

  32. Fermenting of Grapes

  33. Chemical Change: Tarnishing of Silver

  34. Which of these represent a: (A) chemical change? (B) physical change? • 1. combustion of gasoline • 2. dissolving sugar in water • 3. melting wax • 4. rusting of iron • 5. oxidation of apples

  35. Which of these represent a: (A) chemical change? (B) physical change? 6. photosynthesis 7. digestion of food 8. grinding a rock 9. boiling of salt water 10. respiration

  36. Which of these represent a: (A) chemical change? (B) physical change? 11. Acid on limestone produces carbon dioxide gas. 12. Milk sours. 13. Water is heated and changes to steam. 14. A pellet of sodium is sliced in two. 15. Sodium hydroxide dissolves in water.

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