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Covalent Bonding

This lesson explores the concept of covalent bonding, describing how electrons form covalent bonds and what happens during bond formation. It also explains the relationship between covalent bonds and the boiling point of compounds. The lesson uses the Rutherford model of the atom to explain why covalent bonds occur and provides diagrams to represent them.

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Covalent Bonding

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  1. Covalent Bonding LO: Describe how electrons make a covalent bond (D) Explain what happens to form a covalent bond (C) Explain why a compound would have a high or low boiling point (B) Use the Rutherford model of the atom to explain why covalent bonds occur and represent them in a diagram. (A/A*) Starter Which are metals and non-metals out of… Na, Cl, Pb, H, N, S, Cu, Fe, C, Ba How do ionic bonds form ?

  2. Ionic bonds are between Metal and Non-metal. Covalent bonds are for Non-metals. The atoms share electrons to get full electron orbits. What do atoms want ?

  3. Drawing the atoms Draw the outer most ring. Fill in the electrons by placing them in UNPAIRED for the first 4 and then pair up for the rest. The number of UNPAIRED electrons tells you how many covalent bonds this atom can make. How do you know how many electrons are in the outer ring ?

  4. Hydrogen Draw the Hydrogen atom. Say how many electrons it needs.

  5. Covalent bonding Covalent bonding

  6. Fluorine Draw a dot and cross diagram for the molecule of Fluorine F2 Explain in no more than 2 sentences why Fluorine will form a diatomic molecule (a molecule with 2 atoms in it)

  7. Covalent bonding Covalent bonding

  8. A covalent molecule can form more than one bond with another atom.

  9. Oxygen Draw a dot and cross diagram for the oxygen molecule O2 Don’t forget how many electrons are needed in the outer ring. Also remember that you don’t need to draw any inner rings.

  10. We can represent covalent bonds in a number of ways…

  11. Water

  12. Covalent bonding Covalent bonding

  13. Draw these covalent compounds HCl NH3 CH4 PCl3 CO2

  14. Make these models Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Chlorine Single bond Double bond HCl H2O CH4 C2H6 CO2

  15. Sharing electrons

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