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Earth’s Layers

Earth’s Layers. Standard: 2 Describe the layers of the earth, including the lithosphere, the hot convecting mantle, and the dense metallic core. Earth is divided into 3 basic layers : 1. Crust 2. Mantle 3. Core. These layers are then subdivided into smaller layers. CRUST :

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Earth’s Layers

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  1. Earth’s Layers Standard: 2 Describe the layers of the earth, including the lithosphere, the hot convecting mantle, and the dense metallic core.

  2. Earth is divided into 3 basic layers: 1. Crust 2. Mantle 3. Core These layers are then subdivided into smaller layers.

  3. CRUST: • Is the outermost layer on the earth. • (EGG SHELL) • Thickness varies. Under mountains it can be as thick as 60 km and less than 5 km under the ocean. • It is the least dense of all the layers. (lightest layer) • It is made up of silicon and oxygen.

  4. 2 TYPES OF CRUST: • Oceanic crust is very dense, made of Basalt. • Continental crust is less dense, made of Granite.

  5. GRANITE BASALT

  6. MANTLE: • Located below the crust. (Egg White) • It is the largest layer (about 2900 km thick). Rock layers are movable. (plastic) • Hot soften rocks made up of more magnesium and iron. • Density increases with depth due to increase in pressure.

  7. MANTLE: Divided into 2 parts • Upper mantle • Lower mantle. • This is where convection takes place. This is what causes the plates to move.

  8. CORE: (Egg Yolk) • Located below the Mantle. • It is divided into 2 layers • Outer Core • Inner Core

  9. Outer Core: • is liquid and is made up of mostly iron(easily magnetized) • The movement of materials in the liquid O.C. is inferred to be the cause of Earth’s magnetic field!(highlight in your notes) • The O.C. is about 2250 km thick.

  10. Inner Core: • Is the center of the Earth – 1200 km thick. • It’s solidiron and nickel. Most dense layer (heaviest) (highlight in notes) • The increased pressure causes the I.C. to be solid

  11. Don’t forget to Include the • HYDROSPHERE – water (ocean and fresh) • 7 miles deep • ATMOSPHERE – AIR • 620 miles thick • 78% nitrogen • 21% Oxygen • 1% argon

  12. Look at the sub-layers of the mantle • LITHOSPHERE: • This is the “crunchy” layer of the Earth. • It includes the crust and the very uppermost part of the upper Mantle • ASTHENOSPHERE: • Soft – can bend like plastic, layer in the upper portion of the mantle • It is located right below the Lithosphere. • Lithosphere floats on this layer (like jello)

  13. Lithosphere Asthenosphere CRUST MANTLE OUTER CORE INNER CORE

  14. In your notes lets draw together a diagram of the Earth. CRUST MANTLE OUTER CORE INNER CORE

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