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Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction. 國立雲林科技大學 資訊工程研究所 張傳育 (Chuan-Yu Chang ) 博士 Office: ES 709 TEL: 05-5342601 ext. 4337 E-mail: chuanyu@yuntech.edu.tw. Introduction. The Object of this chapter defined the scope of image processing Give a historical perspective

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Chapter 1 Introduction

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  1. Chapter 1Introduction 國立雲林科技大學 資訊工程研究所 張傳育(Chuan-Yu Chang ) 博士 Office: ES 709 TEL: 05-5342601 ext. 4337 E-mail: chuanyu@yuntech.edu.tw

  2. Introduction • The Object of this chapter • defined the scope of image processing • Give a historical perspective • Briefly discuss the principal approaches • The components contained in a general purpose image processing

  3. What is digital image processing? • What is digital image processing? • An image may be defined as a 2D function f(x,y)wherex, y: spatial coordinatesamplitude of f(x,y) is called the intensity or gray level • Digital image • Digital image processing • Processing digital images by means of a digital computer. • The element of a digital image • Picture elements, image elements, pixel

  4. What is digital image processing? (cont.) • Three types computerized processes: • Low level • Basic operations such as noise reduction, contrast enhancement, and image sharpening. • Mid-level • Segmentation, classification • High-level • Understand the meaning of the recognized objects.

  5. The origins of Digital Image Processing • Historical Perspective • 1920 • Bartlane cable picture transmission system • Coded tape by a telegraph printer with special type faces • 5 gray levels • 1921 • Tape punched

  6. The origins of Digital Image Processing (cont.) • 1929 • 15 gray level

  7. The origins of Digital Image Processing (cont.) • A series of key advances that led to computers powerful enough to be used for digital image processing: • The invention of the transistor by Bell Lab. In 1948 • The development of the high-level programming languages in the 1950s and 1960s. • The invention of the IC at Texas Instruments in 1958. • The development of OS in the early 1960s. • The development of the mP by Intel in the early 1970s. • Introduction by IBM of the PC in 1981. • Progressive miniaturization of components.

  8. The origins of Digital Image Processing (cont.) • The first computer powerful enough to carry out meaningful image processing tasks appeared in the early 1960s. • 1964 • First picture of the moon • By spacecraft Ranger 7 • July 31, 1964 at 9:09 A.M

  9. The origins of Digital Image Processing (cont.) • The late 1960s and early 1970s digital image processing techniques began to be used in medical imaging, remote Earth resource observations, and astronomy. • The invention in the early 1970s of computerized tomography (CT) in one of the most events in the application of image processing in medical diagnosis. • CT was invented by Godfrey N. Hounsfield and Allan M. Cormack, who shared the 1979 Nobel prize.

  10. Examples of fields that use digital image processing • The electromagnetic spectrum arranged according to energy per photon

  11. Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.) Gamma-ray

  12. Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.) • X-ray imaging • Medical diagnostics • Industrial inspection

  13. Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.) • Ultraviolet(紫外線) band imaging • Lithography(石版印刷) • Industrial inspection • Microscopy(顯微鏡) • Laser • Biological imaging • Astronomical observation(天文觀測)

  14. Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.) • Imaging in the Visible and Infrared bands

  15. Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.) • Thematic bands in NASA’s LANDSAT satellite

  16. Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.)

  17. Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.) • Multispectral image of Hurricane Andrew taken by NOAA GEOS • Weather observation and prediction are major applications of multispectral imaging from satellites.

  18. Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.) • Infrared imaging • Nighttime Lights of the World • Provides a global inventory of human settlements • From NOAA DMSP satellite • From band 10.0 to 13.4 mm

  19. Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.)

  20. Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.) • Automated visual inspection of manufactured goods.

  21. Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.) • Fingerprints • Enhance them • Find features that aid in the automated search of a database for potential matches • Paper currency • Automated license plate reading

  22. Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.) • Imaging in the Microwave Band

  23. Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.) • Imaging in the Radio Band

  24. Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.)

  25. Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.)

  26. Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.)

  27. Examples of fields that use digital image processing (cont.)

  28. Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing

  29. Components of an Image Processing System

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