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Biological boundaries of behavior

Biological boundaries of behavior. Old-school behaviorists emerged as a reaction against the Structuralists . Rejected biology in error The equipotentiality principle explains their position: The choise of any CS, US, R, Sr or P is arbitrary Any CS can be paired with any US

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Biological boundaries of behavior

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  1. Biological boundaries of behavior • Old-school behaviorists emerged as a reaction against the Structuralists. • Rejected biology in error • The equipotentiality principle explains their position: • The choise of any CS, US, R, Sr or P is arbitrary • Any CS can be paired with any US • Any response can be governed by any Sr or P • Once a reinforcer or punisher, always and for everyone in the organism’s class • Biology is irrelevant; anything can be learned

  2. Obviously, they were WRONG! Let’s look at evidence that shows this: • Drug Addiction • Garcia effect or conditioned taste aversion

  3. Conditioned Compensatory Response (Siegel) (pp.79-82) CS—Morphine Analgesia: “without pain”

  4. Normal (low pain) Morphine ANALGESIA Tolerance (Tail Flick) Hypothesis: part of what we call “tolerance” is because of learning. (Very sensitive) Trials

  5. First time Drug effect; “a” process Behavior; net effect of “a” + “b” Compensatory response; “b” process; homeostatic response No pain ANALGESIA normal 0 Very sensitive TIME Homeostasis: Tendency of body to maintain a stable internal environment.

  6. Drug effect, “a”, Stays the same. Behavior Compensatory response, “b”, increases. CR After Many Times No pain ANALGESIA normal 0 Very sensitive TIME

  7. Behavior What if: Drug only? No pain No CR to counteract drug effect ANALGESIA normal 0 Very sensitive TIME

  8. Behavior; Hyperalgesia What if: CS only? Only get CR; Hyperalgesia No pain Train: Test: Context (CS) – Morphine Context–no Morphine ANALGESIA normal 0 Very sensitive TIME

  9. Conditioned Compensatory Response (Siegel) TRAIN CS US Context Morphine TEST 1. CS (same context)–morphine 2. Different context–morphine (i.e., morphine but no CS)

  10. SUMMARY Analgesia Hyper- algesia Many Times (tolerance) Same Context Test Diff. Context (no CS, But morph.) Test CS Only (no morph.) Normal (no morph) 1st time

  11. So what does the user do? Drug effect, “a”, is bigger. Behavior Compensatory response “b”, to previous dose. Bigger dose. No pain ANALGESIA normal 0 Very sensitive TIME

  12. What if after tolerance and addict takes bigger dose: Overdose Drug only? (drug taken in different context) No pain Behavior ANALGESIA normal 0 No CR to counteract drug effect; Very sensitive TIME

  13. CS US What is Learned? Pavlov: Stimulus Substitution. CR same as UR. Substitute or Signal? (section 4.4) CS R Signal view: Expectation of future event. US

  14. (pp. 79-82) Eikelboom and Stewart Siegel CS US US is the Drug EFFECT Analgesia Context Morphine CR UR UR is body’s Response to drug effect; Hyperalgesia Hyperalgesia Drug effect: Analgesia CR opposite of UR! Hence, CR = UR CR = UR; (substitution)

  15. Garcia Effect orConditioned Taste Aversion • Grp I: Tasty Water--> Nausea • Good Conditioning • Grp II: Bright Noisy Water-> Shock • Good conditioning • Grp III: Tasty Water--> Shock • No conditioning • Grp IV: Bright Noisy water--> Nausea • No conditioning

  16. A “biological boundary” may explain this phenomenon: • Look at the TYPE of stimuli that are being used: • Categorize each as an internal or external event • Grp I: Tasty Water--> Nausea • InternalInternal • Grp II: Bright Noisy Water-> Shock • ExternalExternal • Grp III: Tasty Water--> Shock • InternalExternal • Grp IV: Bright Noisy water--> Nausea • External Internal • Can’t learn ACROSS modalities very well!

  17. Important Properties of Taste Aversion • One trial conditioning • General phenomenon: most species show it • Tolerates long delay • Novel stimuli condition more readily than familiar stimuli • Occurs differently for different species: • quail: color of food • monkeys: texture • rats: taste and smell • In social animals- can transmit stimulus socially

  18. Uses • Humans: dietary restrictions and smoking cessation programs (but will switch brands and tastes) • Can develop CTA with Chemotherapy- must watch pairing good food with nausea • Most important use: Wildlife Management: • Coyote management • Wolf management • Bear management

  19. Application: How can you keep your dog out of the garbage?

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