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6.3 Section Objectives – page 157

Section Objectives:. List the function of proteins. Describe the structure of amino acids and proteins. Explain how enzymes affect activation energy. Describe how an enzymes shape relates to its function. 6.3 Section Objectives – page 157. Proteins.

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6.3 Section Objectives – page 157

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  1. Section Objectives: • List the function of proteins. • Describe the structure of amino acids and proteins. • Explain how enzymes affect activation energy. • Describe how an enzymes shape relates to its function. 6.3 Section Objectives – page 157

  2. Proteins • Aproteinis a polymer composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. • The protein polymer is called a polypeptide. • The protein monomer is called an amino acid. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163

  3. The Function of Proteins • Structural proteins (e.g., hair & muscle). • Disease fighting. • Cell-to-cell signaling. • Transport. • Control chemical reactions. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163

  4. Amino Acids • Each amino acid consists of a central carbon atom bonded to: • Hydrogen • Carboxyl group • Amino group • Side group (R Group) 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163

  5. Building a Protein • Dehydration reaction between the amino end of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of another. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163

  6. Protein Shape • Protein shape determines protein function. • Shape determined by side group and surrounding environment. • Primary (1°), Secondary (2°) • Hydrophilic or hydrophobic. • Denaturation occurs when protein looses shape therefor function (e.g., temp. & pH). 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163

  7. Enzymes • An enzyme is a protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction. • Enzymes lower the activation energy of chemical reactions by acting as a catalyst. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163

  8. How Enzymes Work • A specific reactant (substrate) fits into the active site of the enzyme. • Active site positions reactant molecules to facilitate chemical reaction. • Enzymes themselves are unaffected by the reaction. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163

  9. Transparency 5B-1

  10. Transparency 5B-2

  11. Transparency 5B-3

  12. Transparency 5B-4

  13. Transparency 5B-5

  14. 1. How is the enzyme’s active site important to the reaction? The active site holds the substrate while the reaction takes place. Transparency 5B-6

  15. 2. Does this enzyme get used up after one reaction? Explain. No, the enzyme is recyclable. After the products are released, the active site becomes available again. Transparency 5B-7

  16. Reconnect to Objectives: • What are the functions of proteins? • What is the protein monomer? • What is the protein polymer? • What is an enzyme and how does it affect chemical reactions? • How is an enzymes shape related to its function? 6.3 Section Objectives – page 157

  17. End of Chapter 5!!

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