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37.2 Plants Require Essential Elements

37.2 Plants Require Essential Elements. By Rommy Obeid. Hypotheses of Plant Growth. Aristotle Thought the plants ate the soil Jan Baptista van Helmont Wanted to test this hypothesis using an experiment

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37.2 Plants Require Essential Elements

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  1. 37.2 Plants Require Essential Elements By Rommy Obeid

  2. Hypotheses of Plant Growth • Aristotle • Thought the plants ate the soil • Jan Baptista van Helmont • Wanted to test this hypothesis using an experiment • He planted a small willow in a pot with a set amount of soil to measure the amount of soil that was uptaken. • Although the plant gained 76.8 kg, only a total of .06 kg disappeared from the soil. • Stephen Hales stated that they received their mass from their air intake. • What was found out is that most of the mass of the plants are organic. • Elements like CARBON, HYDROGEN, and OXYGEN.

  3. Macronutrients and Micronutrients • Essential elements- chemical elements required to complete the life cycle. • Hydroponic culture • Plants are grown in mineral solutions • Used to determine the essential elements

  4. Macronutrients and Micronutrients (Continued) • There are 17 discovered essential elements • 9 are Macronutrients • Macronutrients are the elements needed in large amounts • Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium, and magnesium • 8 are Micronutrients • Micronutrients are the elements needed in small amounts • Chlorine, iron, manganese, boron, zinc, copper, nickel, molybdenum • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wzswABSxm8s

  5. Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wzswABSxm8s

  6. Symptoms of Mineral Deficiency • The symptoms are different for each type of mineral deficiency. • Mineral deficiencies involving minerals that move constantly affect the older leaves first. • Mineral deficiencies involving minerals that don’t move affect the younger leaves first. • This is because the older leaves have a stored amount of the mineral • Too much minerals can cause poisoning to the plants.

  7. Improving Plant Nutrition • Genetic engineers are trying to tailor plants to make them better fit to the soil conditions. • Resistance to Aluminum Toxicity • Flood tolerance • Smart Plants

  8. Resistance to Aluminum Toxicity • Aluminum reduces plant’s crop yield and damages roots. • To lower aluminum’s toxicity, organic acids bind to the aluminum ions. • To reduce the affects of aluminum toxics, scientist add citric synthase gene.

  9. Flood Tolerance • Plants often die of flooding because of the constant alcohol fermentation build up ofethanol and lack of oxygen. • Submergence 1A-1 • Gene available in anaerobic conditioned plants. • It regulates the breakdown of ethanol • If more is added in plants that are flooding, it can solve the problem of ethanol build up.

  10. Smart Plants • Smart plants is the genetically engineered solution to mineral deficiency. • Engineers use the promoter (a DNA sequence). • It is linked to a gene that will produce a colored tint on the leaf to indicate it is in need of fertilization. • This will occur BEFORE the damage is done to allow for fertilization. • Example: • If the plant is phosphorusdeficient, the promoter will cause the leaf to be tinted blue to indicate to the farmer to use phosphate containing fertilizer.

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