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The Tools of Discovery: Having Our Head Examined

Biological Bases of Behavior: The Brain 026_Brain_structures.mp4 pinky and the brain-brainstem.flv 3D Brain ap. The Tools of Discovery: Having Our Head Examined. Introduction.

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The Tools of Discovery: Having Our Head Examined

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  1. Biological Bases of Behavior:The Brain026_Brain_structures.mp4pinky and the brain-brainstem.flv3D Brain ap

  2. The Tools of Discovery: Having Our Head Examined

  3. Introduction • Lesion-tissue destruction; a naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue 029_Mapping_brain_electrical.mp4

  4. Neuroimaging Techniques030_Neuroimaging.mp4 • Electroencephalogram (EEG) • CT (Computed Tomography) scan • PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scan • MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) • fMRI (Functional MRI)

  5. Recording the Brain’s Electrical Activity • Electroencephalogram (EEG)an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain’s surface. The waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp • How the Body Works An EEG_ Brain Waves.flv • EEG Demo Video.flv • EEG monitor initial stages.flv

  6. Neuroimaging Techniques CT (Computed Tomography) scan a series of X-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer into a composite representation of a slice through the body. Also called CAT scan. What Is a CAT Scan __.flv

  7. Neuroimaging Techniques PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scan= a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task. PET-CT Exam.mp4

  8. Neuroimaging Techniques MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)=a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue. MRI scans show brain anatomy. MRI - How it Works, a simple explanation of a Complex Machine.mp4How does an MRI work_ (HD).mp4024_Brain_Imaging.mp4 fMRI (Functional MRI)= a technique for revealing bloodflow &, therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. fMRI scans show brain function. How does fMRI work_.flv fMRI study shows why driving and cell phones don't mix.flv FMRI fights depression.mp4

  9. Older Brain Structures Video on Demand - The Brain: Teaching Modules - Organization and Evaluation of Brain Function 7min

  10. The Brainstem • Brainstemthe oldest part of the central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull. responsible for automatic survival functions 027 The 3 parts of the brain stem and their functions.mp4 • Medulla- the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat & breathing. waterboy medulla oblongata.flv • Pons- helps coordinate movement • Reticular formation- a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal. How the Body Works _ The RAS Pathway.mp4Reticular Activating System.mp4Reticular Formation Rap.flv

  11. The Thalamus • Thalamus - the brain’s sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex & transmits replies to the cerebellum & medulla. • All the senses EXCEPT smell Finally, the Brain Stem manages life sustaining functions

  12. The Cerebellum • Cerebellum026 The Function of the Cerebellum.mp4068 The Anatomy and Function of the Cerebellum.mp4 • “Little brain” at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input & coordinating voluntary movement output & balance. • Enables 1 type of nonverbal learning & memory. Helps with judging time, modulation of emotions & discrimination of sounds & textures.

  13. The Limbic System • Limbic System • Hippocampus doughnut-shaped neural system (including the hippocampus, amygdala, & hypothalamus) located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions & drives. Limbic System (2).mp4

  14. The Limbic SystemThe Amygdala • Amygdala = two lima bean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion. • The Limbic System.flv • How the Body Works _ Units of the Limbic System.flv • Aggression and fear

  15. The Limbic SystemThe Hypothalamus • Hypothalamus- neural structure lying below (hypo) the thalamus; directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, & is linked to emotion & reward. 028 The Thalamus and Hypothalamus.mp4 • Influence on the pituitary gland • Reward Centers Video on Demand - The Mind: Teaching Modules - Brain Mechanisms of Pleasure and Addiction • Reward deficiency syndrome

  16. Brain Used To Know Song.flvThe Cerebral Cortex

  17. Introduction • Cerebrum • Cerebral cortexthe intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body’s ultimate control and information-processing center. Start7:30 • 021_Central_Nervous_System_Brain.mp4

  18. Structure of the Cortex • Glial cells (“glue cells”) • Lobes • Frontal lobes • 031_Planning_Life_Goals.mp4 • Parietal lobes • Occipital lobes • Temporal lobes

  19. Functions of the CortexMotor Functions • Motor Cortexan area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements. How the Body Works brain and thinking.mp4 • Mapping the Motor Cortex >> • Neural Prosthetics

  20. Functions of the CortexSensory Functions • Sensory cortexarea at the front of the parietal lobes that registers & processes body touch & movement sensations. How the Body Works _ The Sensory Cortex and Touch.mp4

  21. Functions of the Cortex

  22. Functions of the CortexAssociation Areas • Association areasareas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, & speaking. • Frontal lobes • Phineas Gage 023_Phineas_Gage.mp4 • Parietal lobes • Temporal lobes

  23. Language • Aphasia- impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca’s area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke’s area (impairing understanding). • Wernicke’s area --Broca’s area

  24. Language

  25. Language

  26. Language

  27. Language

  28. Language

  29. Language 028_Language_and_Brain_Plasticity.mp4

  30. 10 Amazing Facts About The Brain.flvThe Brain’s Plasticity • Brain Damage Brain Plasticity.flv • Plasticity- the brain’s ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience. • 025_Brain_Plasticity.mp4 • Constraint-induced therapy • Neurogenesis- formation of new neurons

  31. Brain Anatomy and Functions.flvOur Divided Brain

  32. Splitting the Brain • Vogel & Bogen • Corpus-callosum- the large band of neural fibers connecting the 2 brain hemispheres & carrying messages btwn them • Split brain-a condition resulting from surgery that isolates the brain’s 2 hemi-spheres by cutting the fibers (mainly those of the corpus collosum) connecting them. Myers & Gazzaniga Severed Corpus Callosum.mov

  33. 036_Split_brain_2.mp4

  34. Right-Left Differences in the Intact Brain 022_Hempispheric_Balance.mp4

  35. Hand Foot demoRight-Left Brain Differences • R- verbal, simple requests, easily perceives objects, quick intuitive responses, emotion processing • L- nonverbal, interpreter of info, explaining behavior, decisions, • Hemispheric Specialization • Perceptual tasks- speaking (quick literal interpretations of language, calculating [Left] • Language- [Right] makes subtle inferences, eg word association & speech modulation

  36. Which one is Happier? Right or Left? Most people say Right… b/c the Right hemisphere (skilled in emotion) is receiving info from the happy half of each picture when looking at the center

  37. The Brain and Consciousness

  38. Introduction • Consciousnessour awareness of ourselves and our environment.

  39. Cognitive neurosciencethe interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory & language). The mind is what the brain does • Does the mind exist separate from the body • Different aspects of the same thing or interacting but distinct? 036_Split_brain_2.mp4

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