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1. Chapter 11 Investment Planning:  
Reducing Risk of Stock 
2. Risk and Return 
3. Dow Jones Industrial Index 
4. Greatest Dollar Gains 
5. Greatest Percentage Gain 
6. Greatest Dollar Loss 
7. Greatest Percentage Losses 
8. History of the Dow 
9. 5-year History of the Dow 
10. DJIA Last 6 Months 
11. A $1 Investment in Different Types ofPortfolios: 1926-1996 
12. A $1 Investment in Different Types of Portfolios: 1926-2003 
13. Holding Period Returns 
14. Holding Period Returns 
15. Annual Return 
16. Risks We Face Interest rate risk
Inflation risk
Business risk
Financial risk
 Market risk
Firm-specific risk
Liquidity risk 
17. Diversification Reduces Risk! 
18. Standard Deviations of Annual Portfolio Returns  				( 3) 		(2)		Ratio of Portfolio 	(1)	Average Standard		Standard Deviation to 	Number of Stocks	Deviation of Annual		Standard Deviation 	in Portfolio	Portfolio Returns		of a Single Stock 	
 	1	                          49.24%	1.00
 	10	23.93  	0.49
 	50	20.20  	0.41
 	100	19.69  	0.40
 	300	19.34  	0.39
 	500	19.27  	0.39
 	1,000	19.21  	0.39
These figures are from Table 1 in Meir Statman, “How Many Stocks Make a Diversified Portfolio?” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 22 (September 1987), pp. 353–64. They were derived from E. J. Elton and M. J. Gruber, “Risk Reduction and Portfolio Size: An Analytic Solution,” Journal of Business 50 (October 1977), pp. 415–37. 
19. Portfolio Diversification 
20. Reduction of Risk Over Time 
21. What we know so far…. Stocks have higher risks and higher returns than bonds.
The higher the risk, the higher the return the investor should expect.
There are many sources of risk.
Portfolio diversification reduces risk but does not eliminate it.
Investing over long time periods reduces risk. 
22. So What Do We Do? Determine risk preference
Decide on asset allocation
Create a diversified portfolio
Hold portfolio for a long time
 
23. Questions?