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Causes & Consequences of World War I: Balkan Peninsula to Treaty of Versailles

Explore the events and impact of World War I, starting from the Balkan Peninsula to the Paris Peace Conference and the failure of the League of Nations. Understand militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism, the toll of war, new weapons, and the role of the United States. Learn about key events like the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, trench warfare, unrestricted submarine warfare, the Zimmerman Telegram, and the Treaty of Versailles. Dive into the Fourteen Points, the role of different countries in the peace process, and the establishment of the League of Nations. Discover the Mandate System and how it divided the former Ottoman Empire territories.

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Causes & Consequences of World War I: Balkan Peninsula to Treaty of Versailles

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  1. Bellringer • Fill out the map, you picked up on your way in

  2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrjHdl-IYPw&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=activehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrjHdl-IYPw&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

  3. Causes of World War I Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

  4. Causes of World War I Militarism-- Alliances-- Imperialism-- Nationalism-- Failure of Diplomacy

  5. Outbreak • The Balkan Peninsula

  6. Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand • Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated by a Serbian nationalist (GavriloPrincip). • Austrians present the Serbs with an ultimatum. • The ultimatum is rejected and World War I begins in August 1914.

  7. The War…Alliances • Allied Powers: • Great Britain • France • Russia • Italy • USA in 1917 • Central Powers: • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Ottoman Empire

  8. The War… • Western Front: fighting between France and Germany (trench warfare and stalemate) • Eastern Front: Fighting between Germany and Russia.

  9. War in Europe • Germany’s two fronts

  10. The War…Trench Warfare • Systems of fortified ditches rather than an open battle field

  11. The Toll of the War

  12. Toll of the War • The bloodiest war of the time. • 22 million died, more than half of them civilians. • 20 million wounded • 10 million refugees

  13. The War…New Weapons • Machine Gun • Tank • Airplanes • Poisonous Gas • Zeppelin

  14. German Unrestricted Submarine Warfare:1915 to 1917 • British blockade the German coast. • Germans respond by sending out U-Boats and would sink any ship found in waters around Britain. • Lusitania is sunk on May 7, 1915.

  15. Zimmerman Telegram: January 1917 • Telegraph from German foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico was intercepted by British agents. • Telegram proposed an alliance between Mexico and Germany • Telegram promised that if war with the US broke out, Germany would support Mexico in recovering lost territory.

  16. America Acts…Why? • German U-Boats Sink Lusitania (killing 128 Americans). • Britain intercepts German proposal to ally with Mexico. • Germans sink more ships that are unarmed. • Russian monarchy is replaced with a representative government. • April 1917: United States Declares War. Wilson wanted to make the world “safe for democracy.”

  17. US Declaration of War • From 1914 to 1917 the US is Neutral. • April 1917 • Wilson wanted to make the world “safe for democracy.”

  18. War at Home • Difference between soldiers and civilians • Rationing • Propaganda • Role of women

  19. Failed Peace • Peace conference was at Versailles (formerly Louis XIV’s palace near Paris) • Allies dictate terms to • Germany • Russia • Non-Europeans • Causes a nationalist backlash

  20. The Fourteen Points • From President Woodrow Wilson’s speech to Congress before the end of the war • Supposed to be the basis of the peace conference • Let’s figure out what each means!

  21. Versailles Conference • You will be assigned a country and a group • For your country, determine: • What role did your country play at the real Versailles Conference? • What role do you think you should have played? • What outcomes did your country want from the peace treaty?

  22. End of World War I • Wilsonwrites his Fourteen Points in January 1918 • Main Points: Self-Determination, Freedom of the Seas, League of Nations, and Mandate System. • Germany signs an armisticeand World War I ends on November 11, 1918

  23. End of World War I 3. Paris Peace Conference: January to June 1919 • Attendants are the “Big Four” (US, Britain, France, and Italy) • Punishment of Germany, League of Nations, and New boundaries. 4. US Senate fails to approve the Treaty of Versailles • Henry Cabot Lodge led the Senate in opposition • Senate rejects the Treaty and the League of Nations • US signed a separate treaty with Germany in 1921 David Lloyd George, Vittorio Orlando, Georges Clemenceau, and Woodrow Wilson

  24. An international organization established after World War I • Supposed to help the world avoid future conflicts • The United States was the only Western European power that was not a member

  25. Failure! • The League failed because it did not have the power to enforce its decisions

  26. The Mandate System • During WWI, Great Britain & France agreed to divide up large portions of the Ottoman Empire between themselves • After WWI, a system was created to manage the colonies of defeated nations known as the mandate system

  27. This “system” gave Great Britain & France control over what became these lands in the Middle East: • Great Britain got Iraq, Transjordan & Palestine • France got Syria & Lebanon

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