Week 5 Overview: Body Structure and Integumentary System Review

1. Week 5 Overview • Suffix/Prefix test • After test complete pg. 43 in syllabus • Review homework-oral practice • Chapter 5-pgs. 78-103-lecture • Term Project- due Week 17 • Getting ready for body structure test- using pgs. 9, 43, and 55 in the syllabus • Medical Language Lab • Homework

2. Worksheet-Body Structure Answers Pg. 43- syllabus- oral practice • Distal • Superior • Lateral • Ventral • Anterior • Superficial • Parietal • Distal • Superficial

3. 1. brain - cranial • 2. heart - thoracic • 3. lungs - thoracic • 4. intestine - abdominopelvic • 5. stomach - abdominopelvic • 6. spinal cord - spinal

4. RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ 1. midsagittal/median right and left sides 3. horizontal/transverse: superior and inferior 2. coronal/frontal: anterior and posterior

5. Integumentary OutlineIntroduction Function • Protection • Sensory Receptor • Temperature regulation • Vitamin D synthesis

6. Anatomy of the Skin • Derm, Dermat, Cutane • Layers • Epidermis - upon the skin • Dermis - true skin Subcutaneous tissue- under the skin

7. Appendages of the skin • Hair - pilo, tricho • Nails - onycho, unguo • Glands - adeno • Sweat - Sudoriferous • Oil - Sebaceous

8. Pathology of the Integumentary System • Primary Skin lesions • Macule- a small, flat, distinct colored area of skin • Patch- a larger, flat distinct colored area of skinb

9. Papule - a papule is a skin lesion that is small, solid, and raised. Plaque- a cluster of papules • Nodule - a solid, raised bump larger than a papule

10. Vesicle - a small, elevated lesion filled with clear fluid • Bulla - a large, fluid-filled blister on the skin or mucous membrane

11. Pustule- a small, raised, circumscribed lesion that contains pus

12. Wheal - a welt; an elevation on the skin that may itch or burn, often characteristic of an allergic reaction • Scales - dead skin cells that look like flakes or dry skin

13. Secondary Skin Lesions(depressed Lesions) • Excoriations- traumatized abrasions of the epidermis • Fissure-small crack-like sore that extends into the dermis • Ulcer-an open sore

14. Skin Problems due to exposure • First Degree Burn • Red skin, sunburn, painful, epidermis

15. Second Degree Burn • Blisters, very painful, epidermis and dermis

16. Third Degree Burn • Charred, no pain, epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue, critical burn

17. Frostbite • damage to the skin and underlying tissues caused by extreme cold • Superficial - closer to the surface • Deep - internal

18. Pathology and related terms of the integumentary system • Decubitus Ulcer- Pressure Sore • Bed Sore

19. Dermatitis - inflammation of the skin • Ecchymosis - bruise • Eczema –chronic inflammatory skin condition that is characterized by erythema, papules, pustules, scales, crusts, and scabs.

20. Hirsutism - abnormal growth of hair • Impetigo - a skin infection that is generally caused by one of two bacteria: streptococcus, staphylococcus • Petechia - tiny hemorrhagic spots • Hidrosis- abnormal sweating • Cicatrix - scar

21. Abrasion - a scrape • Chloasma –yelllowish brown patches or spots • Tinea –fungal infection (ring worm) • Keratosis –abnormal hard, horny tissue

22. Pallor - pale • Pediculosis - lice • Psoriasis - a chronic (long-lasting) skin disease of red patches covered by dry silvery scales • Scabies - infectious disease caused by the itch mite • Urticaria - hives • verruca - skin growth caused by a virus.

23. Dermatosis - abnormal skin condition • Alopecia – baldness • Keloid tissue –thickened scaar • Laceration -jagged cut • Comedo –black head (acne) • Vitiligo –localized loss of pigmentation • Abscess –collection of pus at the site of an infection

24. Erythema –redness of skin • Cellulitis - inflammation of connective tissue • Cyanosis - condition of blueness • Nevus - birthmark, mole • Onychomalacia - softening of the nails

25. Diaphoresis - abnormal sweating due to shock • Dermatomycosis –infection caused by fungi • Melanoma - black tumor; A very aggressive type of skin cancer

26. Melanoma

27. Incision -surgical cut • Hematoma –(blood tumor)n large collection of blood in the tissues • Eschar –dead matter that is sloughed off from skin • Lentigo –small brown macules (sun exposure-age) • Contusion -bruise

28. Medical Procedures • Chemical Peel –chemical removal of the outer layers of skin • Debridement – removal of necrotic tissue • Dermabrasion –rubbing away skin

29. Surgical Procedures • Biopsy – • excision of tissue/fluid • for pathological study • Frozen Section –frozen at the time of the biopsy

30. Skin Graft- • Autograft- self • Allograft- from one person to another • Xenograft- foreign donor (usually pig) • Liposuction- removal of fat through suctioning

31. Diagnostic Procedures • Tuberculin test- test for tuberculosis (TB) • Patch and Scratch testing- allergy testing

32. Culture and sensitivity testing- laboratory test that grows a colony of bacteria (from a wound) and then determines its sensitivity to antibiotic drugs

33. Medications • Antifungals –against fungus • -nystatin • Antipruritic - against itching • -benadryl • Anti-inflammatory - against inflammation • -hydrocortisone • Keratolytics -destroy and soften the outer layer of skin • -Retin-A • Protectives –cover, cool and soothe dry skin • -moisturizing lotion and Vaseline

34. Sunscreen and Sunblock –filter and help block the sun’s ultraviolet rays

35. Abbreviations • Bx - biopsy • SC/SQ - subcutaneous • UNG - Ointment • DECUB - Decubitus ulcer • SLE - systemic lupus erythematosus • FS - frozen section

36. Medical Terminology ProjectGuidelines- page 49 • Disease Report- Guidelines • Plagiarism Caution • Creative Writing • Visual Project/Hands on Project

37. Examples • Creative writing story • Poster • Creative game • Apron, pillow, t-shirt etc.

38. Review for Quiz Two- page 55

39. List the four main body cavities: • Abdominopelvic • Thoracic • Spinal • Cranial • Name three body planes and give their anatomical division: • 1. Midsagittal- equal right and left sides 2. Transverse/horizontal- superior and inferior 3. Frontal/coronal- anterior and posterior • Tell the abbreviations used when dividing up the abdominopelvic and list the organs found in each quadrant cavity 1. RUQ- liver and gall bladder 2. RLQ- appendix and female reproduction 3. LUQ- stomach, pancreas, and spleen 4. LLQ- sigmoid colon and female reproduction

40. 4. DEFINE THE FOLLOWING • Sinistr/o -to the left • Anter/o - front • Inferior - towards the feet • Caudal - tail • Infra – below • Cirrh/o = yellow • Epi - above, upon • Ventral - belly side, front • Inter - between • Ambi - both sides • Endo - within, inside • Abduction - movement away from the midline • Superior - towards the head • Later/o - sidez • Medi - middle

41. Dextro- to the right • Adduction- movement towards the midline • Dorsal- back • Proximal- closer to the point of reference • Anterior- front • Pseudo- false • Laparo- abdomen • Distal- away from the point of reference • Cephal- head • Posterior- back

42. 5. What is physiology? The study of body function • 6. What is anatomy? The study of body structure • 7. Review Abbreviation set one- page 9 in the syllabus • 8. Know the levels of organization from the least to then most complex- • cells, tissue, organs, systems, organism • 9. Keep studying your suffixes and prefixes

43. CBC- complete blood countPage 9- syllabus • Stat- immediately • UA- urinalysis • p.r.n.- as needed • ABG- arterial blood gases • bid- two times a day • tid- three times a day • h.s.- hour of sleep/bed time • Q, q- every • p- after • pc- after meals • ac- before meals • c- with • s- without • a- before • ADL- activities of daily living

44. Homework • Study for body structure test using pgs. 9, 43, 55 syllabus • Complete pgs. 50-54 (syllabus) • Complete pgs. 104-117 (book) • Term Plus Integumentary-TE and MV • www.fadavis.com study questions for chapter 5 • Read pgs. 120-151 (book)