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Reproductive Technologies

Reproductive Technologies. Selective Breeding. Selective Breeding - is when two mammals (species), or plants, that have desirable traits are bred with each other.

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Reproductive Technologies

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  1. Reproductive Technologies

  2. Selective Breeding • Selective Breeding - is when two mammals (species), or plants, that have desirable traits are bred with each other. • The idea is that after a few generations of properly selecting the animals, or plants, with the desirable traits they will produce offspring that will contain everything the breeder is looking for.

  3. Selective breeding • Cows – they are selective breeding in cows. Farmers will force cows with a lot of muscle (meat) to breed so that their offspring will be sure to have a lot of muscle as well. • Hitler – He tried to do this with people by encouraging people with blonde hair and blue eyes to mate and discouraged people with blonde hair and blue eyes to mate with those who had black hair or brown eyes.

  4. Artificial Vegetation • Artificial Vegetation - Scientists take individual cells from a desirable plant and place them in bottles or Petri dishes that contain nutrients and growth hormones. • One the seedlings have grown roots, they are planted in soil to grow. • This process is repeated over and over until you have achieved the desirable outcome.

  5. Artificial Vegetation • Grafting is another type of Artificial Vegetation. • This is where you take a branch from a desirable tree and attach it to the root of another desirable tree. • The root will grow over thebranch and the two will share traits that will then produce a new kind of treewith strong qualities. • This type of grafting occurs with apple, grape, and peach trees.

  6. Artificial Insemination • Artificial Insemination - is when a farmer selects a male and female animal with desirable traits. • He/She then calls in a veterinarian to extract the sperm from the male animal and inject it into the eggs of the female (with the eggs still inside the female animal). • This is also done when the animals are having trouble reproducing in normal ways and in a normal time span.

  7. Artificial Insemination • Artificial insemination into the uterus of a cow

  8. In Vitro Fertilization • In Vitro Fertilization – is when a farmer selects two animals that have desirable traits (or are not able to reproduce in normal ways). • He/She calls the veterinarian to extract both sperm from the male and eggs from the female. • The vet then fertilizes the egg with the sperm inside a Petri dish (In Vetro means in glass). • The Vet then puts the eggs back into any female that is of the same species. I.E. fertilized cow eggs inserted back into a female cow. • The host cow is now called the surrogate mother because they are not genetically related to the embryo.

  9. Hatcheries • In the oceans and lakes, a female fish will lay her eggs. • A male fish will come by and fertilize the eggs. • The problem with this is two fold – • 1) Some of the eggs will be eaten or destroyed by other animals and • 2) because the male sperm does not fertilize all the eggs (as it is in the water and the sperm might not make it to the eggs) very few eggs will grow into tadpoles.

  10. Hatcheries • To combat this low level of reproduction amongst fish, fishermen/women will try to capture male and female fish before they lay their eggs. • They will extract the eggs from the females and put them in a bowl.

  11. Hatcheries • They will thenextract the sperm from themale to ensure that all the eggs will be fertilized. • The fertilized eggs are put in incubators where a constant stream of cold water will run on them to allow for maximum offspring potentiality. • Once they hatch they are fed and live in the hatchery until they can be released into the wild.

  12. Recombinant DNA • Recombinant DNA - is when scientists combine the genes from different individuals or different species into a dingle molecule of DNA. • In Humans, for example, a biotechnologies can extract a specific gene from the DNA and insert it into the cytoplasm as a plasmid. • The recipient of that plasmid will go through cell division and make millions of daughter cells with this new DNA structure. • As such the body will make the appropriate changes to the amino acids and protein molecules.

  13. Recombinant DNA • This is how Human Growth Hormones (HGH), insulin and many other DNA alterations are done in the human body. • Note in order for this new DNA to not be out numbered by the trillions of DNA all ready in the recipients body, they have to constantly inject the new DNA structure (HGG, Insulin and etc…) to maintain the desired results.

  14. Assignment • Page 97 – 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8b,

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