Summarize

1. Summarize

2. Summarize Connect to the text

3. What do we already know? • What do you know about • summarizing? What words come to mind? 2. How do you summarize?

4. Summarize -- • to present the substance • or general idea in brief form; • to create a concise, condensed • account of the original; • to cover the main points

5. Discuss -- Why is summarizing important in your content area?

6. Why summarize? “Practice in summarizing improves students’ reading comprehension of fiction and nonfiction alike, helping them construct an overall understanding of a text, story, chapter, or article.” (Rinehart, Stahl & Erickson, 1986)

7. Who?What?When?Where?How?Why? Be a news reporter

8. Steps to identify the topic ~ Look at the title.Look at the first and last paragraph.Ask yourself: “What is discussed through the whole section?”Look at captions, pictures, words in bold, and headings for clues to the topic. What do they all have in common?

9. Identify all details/major events Authors often plant important ideas in:  Details that reflect the title  Details at the beginning of text  Details at the end  Surprises or revelations  Repetitions  Lots of attention given to a detail  Subheadings and italicized text  A question near the beginning or end

10. Evaluate summaries 1. If you have not read the text yourself, would you be able to understand what it was about from the summary? Why or why not?2. Is there anything important that should be added? What is it?3. Is there anything unimportant that should be be left out of the summary? What is it?

11. Key word (s) Summarizing First text chunk Key word (s) Summarizing Fourth text chunk Title of Text to be Summarized Key word (s) Summarizing Third text chunk Key word (s) Summarizing Second text chunk

12. Reading skills important • to summarization • Problem/solution • Main ideas and details • Making generalizations

13. Example Teenagers Face Health Timebomb Teenagers are facing a health timebomb, warned a UK report on Monday. Under-age sex, binge-drinking, drug abuse, smoking and poor diet are contributing to epidemics of obesity, ill-health and sexually transmitted diseases among United Kingdom (UK) teens. The British Medical Association (BMA) analysis paints an alarming picture of teenage health in the UK. Nearly one in five 15-year-olds are overweight or obese. Psychological problems such as depression and anorexia now afflict one fifth of adolescents, says the report.

15. These problems are being fuelled by an increasingly impoverished diet, insufficient exercise, excessive alcohol and drug consumption, and tobacco smoking. According to the BMA, less than 15 per cent of girls aged 13 to 15 eat the recommended amount of fruit and vegetables. Almost a quarter of 15 and 16-year-olds will have smoked cigarettes in the past week. And a fifth will have taken an illegal drug in the last month, says the document.

17. Sexual health in adolescents is also deteriorating, says the BMA. As many as one in ten young women aged 16 to 19 may be infected with Chlamydia, which can lead to infertility and ectopic pregnancy. The rate of teenage pregnancy is also high - but stable - at around 3 per cent. Fast-food industry The rapid rise in obesity is being blamed by some experts on the fast-food industry and a society focused increasingly around car use. Philip James, adviser to the House of Commons select committee on obesity, told New Scientist : "The whole environment is geared towards selling off playing fields and preventing people from walking or cycling to work or school."

19. Basic social skills   The BMA is calling for a comprehensive plan to tackle the root causes of deteriorating teenage health. It recommends a ban on alcohol advertising and an increase in the price of cigarettes to reduce their affordability to teenagers. It says mental health can be improved by teaching teenagers basic social skills and through anti-bullying policies in schools. Sexual health can be improved by enhancing sex education and through easier access to contraception and confidential advice.

21. Vivienne Nathanson, the BMA's head of science and ethics, says: "Services targeting the needs of adolescents are almost non-existent. We must invest properly in sexual health and provide services that young people feel comfortable using if we are to reduce the burgeoning levels of sexually transmitted diseases." Danny Penman From New Scientist Online News 18:20 08 December 03

23. Summary ‘Teenagers face health timebomb’ Danny Penman New Scientist OnlineNews, 8 Dec 03 Teenage health in the UK is becoming increasingly bad due to poor diet and lifestyles. Causes are said to be the fast-food industry, increased use of cars, and because they have not been taught good habits.  Some of the solutions suggested are to ban advertising of alcohol, to make cigarettes more expensive, and to improve sexual education and social skills of teenagers. Services that directly assist teenagers should also be fostered. (71 words)

24. Proficient Readers Are… • Aware of changes in their conclusions about text; actively revising meaning • Monitoring the overall meaning and themes in text • Aware of text patterns in nonfiction • Employing cause/effect, time order, and problem/solution • Using their knowledge to make decisions about the overall knowledge

25. Proficient Readers(After Reading) • Can express, in a variety of means, ideas and themes relevant to the overall meaning of the text • Create in an original way a sum of information from the text, from other texts, and their own ideas and opinions • Use it to share, recommend, and CRITICALLY REVIEW the text

26. “A mind stretched to a new idea never goes back to its original dimensions.” Oliver Wendell Holmes