The Wars that Shaped Greece

1. The Wars that Shaped Greece

2. Activity • Make three power Point Slides that answer the following questions about your group/event: • Why did this War happen or Group form? • Give a Brief Overview of the War or a Brief Description of the group • What were the effects of this War or Group?

3. First Persian Invasion of Greece • Michael Magyar, John Agostinella, Clayton Edwards, Cameron Winterhalter

4. Why did this war happen? • The invasion occurred because king Darius of Persia wanted to punish the Athenians for assisting the Ionian revolt against Persian rule.

5. Overview of War • Invasion based on two campaigns: • Each campaign was used to punish Athens • The invasion was ended with the large battle of marathon where the small Spartan army defeated Persians

6. Effects of War • Athens and Sparta remained unpunished for treatment of Persian ambassadors • Darius began raising a large new army to take over Greece • Before invasion, Darius died and invasion was postponed

7. Second Persian Invasion of Greece • Lexi Miller • Crystal Ecker • Tori Morgan • Maggie O’Hare

8. WHY • Occurred during the Greco-Persian Wars • The War, planned by Darius I’s son, Xerxes • He planned the war because of his father’s defeat in the first war.

9. Brief Overview • The Invasion began in 480 B.C. • It began with the Persian army, Hellspront, marching to Thessaly. • This lead to the famous battle of the Thermopylae. • After this battle, the Persian army burnt Athens, and took over major cities Boeotia and Attica. • The Persians, however, were defeated in the naval battle. • Xerxes retreated to Asia after this defeat, fearing the possibility that they might be trapped in Europe.

10. Effects • Threat of future invasion was reduced. • Persian desire to conquer Greece was diminished.

11. The Delian League • Madelyn Estep, Rachel Goller, Ciara Refosco, Matt Mullan

12. Why the Group Formed • Following the victory of the Battle of Salamas • During the Persian wars Ionian cities join together in the Delian League for protection • Placed Athens at the head • Naval supremacy

13. Description of League • Purpose: Continue to fight the Persians • Members included the conquers of Skyros

14. Effects • Fought in the Persian Empire • Athens began to use the League’s Navy • Leads to Conflict between Athens and other less powerful memebers • 431 B.C. Athens control of the Delian League • Started the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War

15. The Peloponnesian League • Western Civ. Period 4

16. Why did they form? • Sparta conquered Messenia in the second half of the 8th century • The Messenians were turned in to Helots, and the land belonged to Sparta • In the next century, the Messenians revolted. However, the Spartans were victorious • Sparta created a confederacy of other Peloponnesian states • Sparta was in charge and they would supply troops • Each had its own treaty and sent deputies to help in decision making

17. Description/Background Info • The group was organized by Sparta as the hegemon • It was controlled by the council of allies which has 2 parts- The assembly of Spartiates and the Congress of allies • No tribute was paid except in times of war • After the Persian war the league expanded into the Hellenic League • This included Athens and other States • Sparta withdrew and the Peloponnesian league was refunded with Sparta’s original allies

18. What did they do? • The group was the cause of the war • Only Sparta could do something to change the group, They were the only people that could call a congress of the league • After the war the group expanded • They were led by Pausahias before he was recalled by Cimon of Athens • Sparta withdrew and was refounded with Sparta’s original allies • Under Spartan leadership the league defeated Athens and its allies ub 404 BC

19. Peloponnesian War • By: Jake McPeek, Joel Gramling, Will Lowe, Billy McLuckie

20. Why did this war happen? • The Athenians claimed to be the rulers of Greece and this did not sit well with the Spartans. War ensued over who was more powerful. • The first act of war was Thebes tried to capture by stealth Athens’ ally Plataia. This failed, and the Spartan alliance began a seige of the city. As a counter, the Athenian fleet raided the coastal cities of the Spartan alliance.

21. Brief overview of the war • War starts…431 b.c. to 404 b.c. in Ancient Greece • Fought between Sparta and Athens • Sparta launched invasions of Attica • While Athens took advantage of its naval supremacy to raid the coast Peloponnese. • The war was concluded to the signing of the Peace of Nicias.

22. What were the effects of this war? • The war reshaped ancient Greek world. • Athens which was originally the strongest was reduced to near complete subjection. • Sparta was established of a leading power. • Poverty widespread in the Peloponnese. • Athens was completely devastated and never regained its pre war prosperity.

23. By Alexa Kennedy, Harmony Shepardson, Oliva Hoover, and Pat Hannan Philip II Invasion Of Greece

24. Why did this War happen? • Phillip II wanted control of Eastern Macedonia. He wanted more territory after centralizing Mecedonia. After he saw that Greece was an easy target, he began to take over individual cities throughout the territory. • He saw a prime opportunity for expanding his empire from an economical stand point and because of Greece’s weakened economy and army. He was able to invade and conquer with little opposition.

25. Brief Overview • When Phillip II was a hostage in Greece, he studied their military tactics, and how their government was run in order to build his army to beat them.

26. Efffects • The final outcome of this event was Phillip II’s takeover of Greece. • His Son was Alexander the Great