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States of Consciousness. Chapter 5. The Sleep Cycle. Circadian Rhythm : Regular bodily rhythm that occurs on a 24-hour cycle Occurs in five stages Stage 1 Brief May experience hallucinations or falling sensation. Stage 2 About 20 minutes
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States of Consciousness
Chapter 5
The Sleep Cycle
- Circadian Rhythm: Regular bodily rhythm that occurs on a 24-hour cycle
- Occurs in five stages
- Stage 1
- Brief
- May experience hallucinations or falling sensation
- About 20 minutes
- Characterized by periodic bursts of rapid, rhythmic brainwave activity
- Stage 3
- Brief, transitional
- Brain emits large, slow delta waves
- About 30 minutes
- Hard to awaken
- Leave non-REM sleep and ascend through Stages 3 and 2
REM sleep - rapid eye movement sleep
- Rapid, irregular breathing and eye movements
- Vivid dreams commonly occur
- Essentially paralyzed
Sleep Cycle -cont-
- Repeats itself about every 90 minutes
- Stage 4 gets briefer and REM and Stage 2 periods get longer
Functions of Sleep
- Protection
- Restores and repairs brain tissue
- Restores and rebuilds memories
- Feeds creativity
- Growth
Problems of Sleep Deprivation
- Can cause
- Irritability
- Slowed performance and reaction time
- Impaired creativity, concentration and communication
- Weight gain
- Illness
- Chronic sleep debt changes metabolic and hormonal functioning to mimic aging
Sleep Disorders
- Insomnia
- Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep
- Effects 1/10 adults
- Treated with better sleep habits and prescription drugs
- Narcolepsy - uncontrollable sleep attacks
- Sleep attacks usually last less than 5 minutes
- Effects 1/2000
- Treated with prescription drugs
Sleep apnea - breathing temporarily stops during sleep
- Associated with obesity
- Effects 1/20
- Treated with a CPAP air machine
- Night terrors - occur during Stage 4 sleep
- Child usually has no recollection of this happening and it disappears w/age
Why do we dream?
- To satisfy our own wishes
- Freud’s belief; not accepted by most psychologists
- To file away memories
- To develop and preserve neural pathways
- To reflect cognitive development
Hypnosis
- 20% of population is highly hypnotizable
- Hypnosis cannot:
- Enhance recall of forgotten events
- Force people to act against their will
- Help drug or alcohol addictions
- Hypnosis can:
- Help headaches, asthma, obesity and stress related skin disorders
- Relieve pain
Drugs and Consciousness
- Misconceptions about addiction
- Addictive drugs do not quickly corrupt
- Addictions can be overcome voluntarily
- Depressants – drugs that calm neural activity and slow body functions
- Alcohol, barbiturates, opiates
- Stimulants – temporarily excite neural activity and arouse body functions
- Caffeine, meth, nicotine, cocaine, ecstasy
Hallucinogens – distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
- LSD, Ecstasy, marijuana
- Biological predisposition
- Psychological factors
- Feeling that life is meaningless
- Significant stress or depression
- Social influences
- Barron environment – nothing else to do
- Access to plentiful, cheap drug supply
- Access to money
