1 / 27

The effect of Class Standing on Water and Health of Citizens in Developing Nations

The effect of Class Standing on Water and Health of Citizens in Developing Nations. E. O. Isiorho , R.N, M.S.Ed. Allen County Juvenile Center Fort Wayne, IN 46808 and *S. A. Isiorho , PhD Dept. of Geosciences Indiana University – Purdue University Fort Wayne (IPFW) Fort Wayne, IN 46805

chelsey
Download Presentation

The effect of Class Standing on Water and Health of Citizens in Developing Nations

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The effect of Class Standing on Water and Health of Citizens in Developing Nations E. O. Isiorho, R.N, M.S.Ed. Allen County Juvenile Center Fort Wayne, IN 46808 and *S. A. Isiorho, PhD Dept. of Geosciences Indiana University – Purdue University Fort Wayne (IPFW) Fort Wayne, IN 46805 isiorho@ipfw.edu phone: 260-481-6254

  2. Talk Outline • Introduction • Background • Study area • Sources of water • Poverty • Health • Diseases associated with water • Problems • Climate • Shifting Lake Shore • Population • Data • Chemistry • Anthropogenic activities • Solutions • Students, Healthcare professionals, and politicians • Conclusions

  3. Introduction • Headlines • “Zimbabwe: Gains in water and sanitation provision eroded” (IRIN, Sept. 2004) • “Cholera kills…”(IRIN, Oct. 2004) • “Dirty water and not food shortage…” (IRIN, Oct. 2004) • “Water Hazard-In a Nigerian village…” (New York Times, Nov. 2, 2004) • “Cholera outbreak in….” (IRIN, Nov. 10, 2004) • Sahel states to discuss water shortages. NOUAKCHOTT (AFP) Jan 25, 2004. (http://www.terradaily.com/2004/040125182437.ni4k6hqc.html. Accessed Nov. 10, 2004) • Death Stalks Millions in Drought-Stricken AreasbyDonald Smithfor National Geographic News December 27, 2000

  4. New York Times, Nov. 2, 2004

  5. New York Times, Nov. 2, 2004

  6. Background- Study area

  7. The Study area: the Sahel • http://www.pbs.org/wnet/africa/php/recipes.php?dish=sahel/sahel_recipes_lo.html Accessed Nov. 10, 2004

  8. Sources of Water • Surface • Rain …May to Sept. • Rivers…Chari/Lagone • Lakes…Lake Chad • Ponds… • Groundwater • Shallow • Deep

  9. Poverty • Income or amount of material • A dollar a day….minimum…to fulfill physical needs • Access to resources • health services, clean water and sanitation, life expectancy, literacy, etc.

  10. Poverty and Diseases • Poverty and Diseases • Correlation…adequate water supply, sanitation hygiene ..direct impact on infectious disease • “Water scarcity has more dramatic effects for the poor than for the wealthy” (Martino, 2003)

  11. Diseases and contaminated water • Elizabeth Dowdeswell points out that "about 80 per cent of all diseases and more than one-third of all deaths in developing countries are caused by contaminated water.” http://www.watchtower.org/library/g/2001/6/22/article_01.htm Accessed Nov. 10, 2004

  12. SENEGAL: Cholera outbreak in bustling Dakar highlights Africa’s urban ills • DAKAR, …. “As its poorer West African neighbors, Guinea and Sierra Leone, grapple with endemic cholera, Senegal is facing a rare but telling explosion of the disease in low-income neighborhoods of its busy capital, Dakar. • The first cholera epidemic to surface in Senegal in eight years broke out on 11 October in a crowded, low-income suburb of the capital, highlighting the link between disease and the poverty across the continent that is associated with urban decay and rural exodus.” IRIN Nov. 10, 2004

  13. Death Stalks Millions in Drought-Stricken Areas • “Starvation, malnutrition, and water-related diseases such as cholera, typhoid, hepatitis A, malaria, and diarrhea are expected to increase in at least a dozen sub-Saharan Africa and Central and South Asia countries as they continue to experience scarce rainfall. "Women and children are particularly vulnerable," says Bettina Menne of the World Health Organization (WHO).” fromDonald Smith from National Geographic News. December 27, 2000

  14. Problem: Climate

  15. Problem: Climate change

  16. ProblemShifting shoreline

  17. ProblemsShallow wells, Unsanitary containers/wells

  18. Problems: running water & creating ponds

  19. Problem: Water holes/diseases

  20. Problems: Population & Food

  21. Women and Children Pay the Price • “In Cameroon, access to water in general terms depends on who has the financial means. Water is charged by a flat rate system to households, and if you cannot pay you do not have access. • Generally in Cameroon it is the role of women and children to fetch water for the entire household. In principal, this group must put in much time, energy, and resources to gather water from great distances, thus diminishing the quality of their lives. Thus it is women who feel the impact in the 75 percent of the Cameroonian population which does not have access to improved water in their homes.”Wirndzerem Albert Bongkiyung http://www.wedo.org/sus_dev/cameroon.htm Accessed Nov.10, 2004

  22. Data: Well Water Chemistry • ParameterRange • Temperature 30-37 oC • Conductivity 1 -4 micro-siemen @25 oC • Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 67-254 • Chloride (Cl) 120-240 • Dissolved oxygen (DO) 0-4 • Sulphate (SO4) 204-276 • Nitrate (NO3) 0-27 • Iron (Fe) 0-0.6 • pH 5.6-8.6

  23. Estimates of Morbidity and Mortality of Water-Related Diseases Disease Morbidity Mortality (episodes/year) (deaths/year) DiarrhoealDiseases 1,000,000,000 3,300,000 IntestinalHelminths 1,500,000,000 (people infected) 100,000 Schistosomiasis 200,000,000 (people infected) 200,000 Dracunculiasis 100,000 (people infected, excluding the Sudan) - Trachoma 150,000,000 (active cases) - Malaria 400,000,000 1,500,000 Dengue Fever 1,750,000 20,000 Poliomyelitis 114,000 - Trypanosomiasis 275,000 130,000 Bancroftian Filariasis 72,800,000 (people infected) - Onchocerciasis 17,700,000 (people infected; 270,000 blind) 40,000 (mortality caused by blindness) From: Gleick P. H, http://www.hf.caltech.edu/hf/b3/library/kio-wat/w_table1.html (accessed Sept. 29, 2004)

  24. Health: TeachingIncluding the Politicians Food • Sanitation • Water

  25. No risk of spreading (Nov-23-2004) • Morocco, North Africa --- An outbreak of leptospirosis, a bacterial disease spread through food or water contaminated with urine from infected people, has been contained in Moussaoua and Ouled Youssef in the Meknes Region of Morocco. According to Dr. Jaouad Mahjour of the Ministry of Health, poor personal hygiene and lack of access to safe sources of drinking water are at the root of this and other diseases, such as typhoid, shigellosis, and hepatitis A. He noted that his ministry cooperates with the Ministry of the Interior and the National Potable Water Office (ONEP) to teach the public about sanitation, provide vaccinations, and treat drinking water and that the incidence of cholera and typhoid has dropped. Morocco is expected to be free of bilharzia (also known as schistosomiasis) and trachoma by the end of 2005. - summary by Louise Shale • Maroc Hebdo International (http://www.maroc-hebdo.press.ma/MHinternet/Archives_627/html_267/aucun.html)

  26. Looking for Solutions • 400 million children without access to clean water. UNICEF Dec. 9, 2004

  27. Conclusions • Both natural and anthropogenic activities are diminishing potable water in the Sahel region • Education at all levels needed • Need to involve all stakeholders…even politicians

More Related