The Comprehensive Peace Agreement

1. The Comprehensive Peace Agreement A Guide to stand’s september 3rd edu-call

2. The North-South Civil War

3. The Length of War “For all but 11 of the 48 years since its independence in 1956, Sudan has been engulfed in civil conflict. The conflict between the North and the South erupted one year before Sudan gained its independence in 1955. The war that the Government of Sudanand the Sudan's People Liberation Movement/Army (SPLAM/A) recently ended, erupted in 1983, following the breakdown of the 1972 Addis Ababa Agreement. The root causes which propelled the war included disputes over resources, power, the role of religion in the state and self-determination.” – UN Mission in Sudan

4. The Toll of War “The ensuing 21-year conflict devastated a significant part of Africa's largest country and deprived the rest of stability, growth and development. The Sudanese people have paid a terrible price. More than two million people died, four million were uprooted and some 600,000 people sought shelter beyond Sudan's borders as refugees. “ - UN Mission in Sudan

5. The end of war • The seemingly unending war was brought to a close after years of drawn-out peace talks with the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreementon the 5th of May, 2005. • The CPA was a series of smaller peace agreements that each addressed a different issue propelling the war: security, power-sharing, and wealth-sharing. • The CPA was hailed as an international breakthrough, bringing to an end one of the most devastating civil wars Africa had ever seen. • However, the CPA continues to face a number of challenges in its implementation, and will continue to face many in the coming years…

6. Main points of the CPA

7. Security • The North and the South will maintain separate armed forces • The armed forces will withdraw from each others’ territories within 2 ½ years • Integrated units of half Northern soldiers, half Southern soldiers that are to be deployed to disputed areas.

8. Wealth Sharing • Oil wealth is to be shared on a 50-50 basis between the Government of Sudan in Khartoum and the Government of South Sudan in Juba. • There will be two separate currencies in a dual banking system: the Sudanese Pound and the Sudanese Dinar.

9. Power Sharing • Administrative positions in the government will be split 70% to the ruling government, except in disputed areas, where 55% will be given to the ruling government. • A Government of National Unity will be formed, with Omar al-Bashir as President of Sudan, and the leader of the Government of South Sudan will serve as the First Vice President of Sudan. • The South will be semi-autonomous for 6 years, which will be followed by a referendum in 2011 on the question of secession from the Sudan • There will be a census held in 2008 to prepare for a Presidential election in 2009

10. The Protocols

11. Protocol on GovernanceJuly 20, 2002 – Machakos, Kenya

12. Protocol on Security ArrangementsSeptember 25, 2003 – Naivasha Kenya

13. Protocol on Wealth SharingJanuary 5, 2004– Naivasha Kenya

14. Protocol on Power SharingMay 26, 2004 – Naivasha Kenya

15. Protocol on Southern Kordofan, Nuba Mountains, Blue NileMay 26, 2004– Naivasha Kenya

16. Protocol on AbyeiMay 26, 2004– Naivasha, Kenya