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Chapter 27: Cold War America

Chapter 27: Cold War America.

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Chapter 27: Cold War America

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  1. Chapter 27: Cold War America Preview:“The roots of the Cold War lay both in Stalin’s aggressive posture toward Eastern Europe and in the mutual suspicions of the Americans and the Soviets toward each other’s newfound power…. At home an anticommunist crusade against suspected subversives subsided only after its reckless leader, Senator Joseph McCarthy, was censured.” The Highlights: The Rise of the Cold War Postwar Prosperity The Cold War at Home From Cold War to Hot War and Back

  2. 27-2 The Rise of the Cold War • Cracks in the Alliance • What were Soviet ambitions? • To deal with menace and disorder, Harry Truman sought to frame a policy • The View from West and East • Roots of the cold war • Munich analogy McGraw-Hill

  3. 27-3 • Toward Containment • George Kennan’s long telegram • “Containment”: provided Washington with a framework for analyzing Soviet behavior • The Truman Doctrine • The Iranian crisis • Aid to Greece and Turkey • Doctrine marked a new level of American commitment to a cold war McGraw-Hill

  4. 27-4 “By 1947 anticommunism had become the dominant theme in American policy, both foreign and domestic”(917). • The Marshall Plan • Truman Doctrine did not address Western Europe • Communism in Hungary and Czechoslovakia • The Fall of Eastern Europe • Berlin airlift • NATO formed (1949) • Israel recognized McGraw-Hill

  5. 27-5 McGraw-Hill

  6. 27-6 • The Atomic Shield versus the Iron Curtain • The Atomic Energy Commission (1946) • Baruch plan: ensured that the U.S. would dominate any international atomic agency • Atomic Deterrence • American military forced to adopt a nuclear strategy • The Soviets were determined to overthrow the U.S. McGraw-Hill

  7. 27-7 Postwar Prosperity • Postwar Adjustments • Minority workers • American G.I. Forum (1948) • Black veterans and civil rights • Civil rights report: To Secure These Rights (1946) • Organized labor McGraw-Hill

  8. 27-8 • The New Deal Programs Under Attack • Republicans and Democrats blocked the president’s attempts to revive the New Deal • Taft-Hartley Act (1947) • A Welfare Program for GIs • The GI Bill (1944) • The bill accelerated trends that would transform America into a prosperous, heavily middle-class suburban nation McGraw-Hill

  9. 27-9 • The Election of 1948 • Henry Wallace and the progressives • Dixiecrats: Strom Thurmond • Truman fights back • The Fair Deal • Agenda called for vigorous revival of New Deal programs • Truman could not forge a working coalition between farmers and labor McGraw-Hill

  10. 27-10 The Cold War at Home • The Shocks of 1949 • The H-bomb • China falls to Communists • The Hiss case (1949) • The Loyalty Crusade • Loyalty Review Board • Loyalty program gave credibility to the growing red scare McGraw-Hill

  11. 27-11 McGraw-Hill

  12. 27-12 “By 1950 anticommunism had created a climate of fear in which legitimate concerns mixed with irrational hysteria”(931). • HUAC, Hollywood, and Unions • House Committee on Un-American Activities began to investigate the film industry • Blacklisting • McCarran Act (1950) • The Ambitions of Senator McCarthy • McCarthy never substantiated charges • Tapped the fears and hatreds of a broad coalition of Catholic leaders, conservatives, and neo-isolationists McGraw-Hill

  13. 27-13 From Cold War to Hot War and Back • Police Action • The North Korean invasion • Amphibious attack launched behind North Korean lines • The Chinese Intervene • China grew increasingly restive • Truman wondered publicly about using the atomic bomb McGraw-Hill

  14. 27-14 McGraw-Hill

  15. 27-15 • Truman versus MacArthur • The military stalemate in Korea brought to light the simmering feud between Truman and MacArthur • April 11 a stunned nation learned that MacArthur had been relieved of his duties • The Global Implications of the Cold War • Europe, not Asia first • Truman announces he will not run for reelction (1952) McGraw-Hill

  16. 27-16 “Under the new balance of power in the postwar world, the United States and the Soviet Union stood alone as superpowers, with the potential capability to annihilate each other and the rest of the world”(939). • The Election of 1952 • Moderates like “Ike” • Nixon’s Checkers Speech • Eisenhower and Korea • The Fall of McCarthy • By the summer of 1953, the senator was on a rampage • McCarthy versus the army McGraw-Hill

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