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Simulations with MM5-CMAQ and WRF/CHEM models of a

Contribution to: 8th Annual CMAS Conference Friday Center, UNC-Chapel Hill OCTOBER, 19-21, 2009, Friday Center for Continuing Education, 100 Friday Center Dr Chapel Hill, NC 27517, United States. Simulations with MM5-CMAQ and WRF/CHEM models of a

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Simulations with MM5-CMAQ and WRF/CHEM models of a

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  1. Contribution to: 8th Annual CMAS Conference Friday Center, UNC-Chapel Hill OCTOBER, 19-21, 2009, Friday Center for Continuing Education, 100 Friday Center Dr Chapel Hill, NC 27517, United States Simulations with MM5-CMAQ and WRF/CHEM models of a High elevated PM10 and PM2.5 episode in Germany during Winter, 2003 R. San José1, J. L. Pérez1, J.L. Morant1 and R.M. González2 1Environmental Software and Modelling Group Computer Science School – Technical University of Madrid (UPM) Campus de Montegancedo – 28660 Madrid (Spain) http://artico.lma.fi.upm.es 2Department of Meteorology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM)

  2. DOMAINS • PROJECTION: Lambert Conformal Conic • Central Latitude: 50.0N Central Longitude: 10.0E • METEOROLOGICAL DOMAIN: • - MOTHER DOMAIN: 60*60 90 Km. RESOLUTION + 23 VERTICAL LEVELS • NESTING DOMAIN: 61*61 30 Km. RESOLUTION + 23 VERTICAL LEVELS • SIGMA VERTICAL LEVELS: • 1.00,0.99,0.98,0.96,0.93,0.89,0.85,0.80,0.75,0.70,0.65,0.60, • 0.55,0.50,0.45,0.40,0.35,0.30,0.25,0.20,0.15,0.10,0.05,0.00 • LANDUSE DATA: USGS 24 CATEGORIES • CHEMICAL DOMAIN: • - MOTHER DOMAIN: 53*53 90 Km. RESOLUTION + 23 VERTICAL LEVELS • Lower-Left Corner LCC (-2385000, -2385000) • - NESTING DOMAIN: 54*54 30 Km. RESOLUTION + 23 VERTICAL LEVELS Lower-Left Corner LCC (-765000, -765000)

  3. DOMAINS

  4. GLOBAL METEOROLOGICAL DATA • NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Data (NNRP-DS090) • Global Reanalysis Model is T62 (209 km) • - 28 vertical sigma levels. • Data is available at 6 hour intervals • Ptop = 10000 Pa. • Boundary Conditions: every 6 hours. • Grid Nudging at mother domain (90Km) • two-way nesting (90-30 Km)

  5. MM5 CONFIGURATION • Physics Options in MM5: • Cumulus Parameterization: • Kain-Fritsch 2 • PBL Scheme and Diffusion: • MRF PBL • Explicit Moisture Scheme : • Schultz microphysics • Radiation Scheme: • Cloud-radiation • Surface Scheme : • Noah Land-Surface Model

  6. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION • MM5 PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model. Version 3-7 (December 23 2004) • MCIP Meteorology-Chemistry Interface Processor Version 3.3 (August 2007) • CMAQ Community Multi-scale Air Quality Version 4.6 (Octuber 2006) • Magerit clúster: • 1200 node (2400 processors) eServer BladeCenter JS20 • Power PC 2'2 GHz and 4 Gb de RAM • Myrinet network • IBM XL Fortran10.1

  7. BOUNDARY & INITIAL CHEMICAL CONDITIONS • Mother domain boundary conditions: profile (fixed) • Mother domain initial conditions (0 hours) from air clean profile . • Nesting domain boundary conditions from mother domain • Nesting domain initial conditions (0 hours) from air clean profile. Air clean profile example: 6 LAYERS 1.00 0.98 0.93 0.84 0.60 0.30 0.00 POLLUTANT (PPm) "SO2 " 0.300E-03 0.200E-03 0.100E-03 0.100E-03 0.200E-04 0.100E-04 "SULF " 1.000E-30 1.000E-30 1.000E-30 1.000E-30 1.000E-30 1.000E-30 "NO2 " 0.167E-03 0.167E-03 0.084E-03 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 "NO " 0.083E-03 0.083E-03 0.042E-03 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 "O3 " 0.350E-01 0.350E-01 0.400E-01 0.500E-01 0.600E-01 0.700E-01 "HNO3 " 0.500E-04 0.500E-04 0.500E-04 0.500E-04 0.700E-04 0.100E-03 "H2O2 " 0.100E-02 0.100E-02 0.150E-02 0.100E-02 0.800E-03 0.200E-03 "ALD " 0.300E-04 0.350E-04 0.300E-04 0.200E-04 0.200E-04 0.100E-04 "HCHO " 0.250E-03 0.250E-03 0.250E-03 0.200E-03 0.100E-03 0.500E-04 "OP1 " 0.250E-06 0.250E-06 0.250E-06 0.200E-06 0.100E-06 0.500E-07 "OP2 " 0.300E-07 0.350E-07 0.300E-07 0.200E-07 0.200E-07 0.100E-07 "PAA " 0.300E-04 0.300E-04 0.300E-04 0.250E-04 0.200E-04 0.150E-04

  8. CMAQ-CCTM SETUP • Advection scheme: global mass-conserving scheme (Yamartino ) • Vertical Difussion: Asymmetric Convective Model (ACM2) • CB05 chemical mechanism (Yarwood et al. 2005). • Euler Backward Solver (EBI) solver • CMAQ Aerosol : The 3rd generation modal CMAQ aerosol model • DEPOSITION MODEL: Models-3 / Pleim (MCIP) • Aqueous/cloud chemistry ON. • KZMIN=TRUE (in TERRAIN IEXTRA=TRUE – extra data land use -)

  9. CASE 1 KZMIN KZ : Vertical diffusivity coefficient (m2/s) KZMIN = FALSE  MINIMUN KZ = 1 m2/s KZMIN = TRUE  MINIMUN KZ = KZL + (KZU- KZL) * UFRAC KZL = LOWEST KZ 0.5 m2/s KZU = HIGHEST KZ 2.0 m2/s UFRAC = URBAN PERCENTAGE NORMALIZED TO 1

  10. EMISSION DATA • TNO-UBA Emission Data: • SNAP Activities: • 1Energy sector, utilities, refinaries • 2Fossil fuels, small sources • 3Fossil fuels, industry • 4Process emissions • 5Mining • 6Solvent use, use of products • 7Road transport (SO2 only) • 71Road transport gasoline 72Road transport diesel 73Road transport LPG • 741)Road transport non-exhaust (volatilization) • 752)Road transport non-exhaust (tire, break and road wear) • 8Non-road transport • 9Waste processing1 • 10Agriculture • Geographic coordinates. • Cell Size is 1/4 degree (Y) by 1/8 degree (X) (aprox. 15 km) • Pollutans: CH4, CO, NH3, NMVOC, NOx, SO2, PM10, PM2.5

  11. EMISSION DATA • Mother Domain include EDGAR (Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research) : • * Geographic coordinates. • * Cell Size is 1 degree by 1 degree • * Pollutans: CO, NMVOC, NOx, SO2

  12. EMISSION DATA • Geographic coordinates TO Lamber Conformal Conic CMAQ grid: • * EMEP interpolation routine updated by UPM. (geog >>> lambert) (original polar >>> geog km (50)) • Time distribution of EURODELTA • VOC SPLITING: • * SPECIATE Version 4.0 (EPA, US) (January 18, 2007): • . 1594 compounds • . VOC-to-TOG Conversion Factors • * Lumping VOC : • . EMITDB – Carter (Development of an Improved Chemical • Speciation Database for Processing Emissions of Volatile • Organic Compounds for Air Quality Models ) • Data Base >>>>> Excel file

  13. CMAQ – EMISSION – TIME DISTRIBUTION • EURODELTA DAILY FACTORS MISSING COUNTRIES: • Albania, Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia  Bulgaria • Turkey  Hungary • Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Russian  Romania • Germany  Federal Republic Germany • MONTHLY FACTORS MISSING COUNTRIES • Czech Republic  Slovakia

  14. EMISSION: VOC SPLITING (EMIMO >>>> CMAQ)

  15. VOC SPLITING (EMIMO >>>> CMAQ)

  16. VOC SPLITING (EMIMO >>>> WRF/CHEM)

  17. BIOGENIC & DUST EMISSION DATA: BIOEMI-UPM (EMIMO >>>> CMAQ) • Biogenic Outputs: Isoprene, biogenic NOX and biogenic VOC • - Biogenic Inputs: Land uses USGS 24 categories • Temperature On-Line (MM5 Output) • Dust Outputs: PM • Dust Inputs: Land uses Land uses USGS 24 categories to 5 categories • Wind Speed 10 m On-Line (MM5 Output) • Rain / Snow (No Dust) On-Line (MM5 Output)

  18. BIOGENIC & DUST EMISSION DATA: BIOEMI-UPM Environ, 1998

  19. WRF-CHEM DOMAIN 90 KM 30 KM

  20. From Grell et al. (2007)

  21. WRF/Chem CONFIGURATION • Cumulus Parameterization: • GRELL-DEVENYI ENSEMBLE SCHEME • PBL Scheme and Diffusion: • YONSEI UNIVERSITY (YSU PBL) • Explicit Moisture Scheme : • LIN et al.SCHEME microphysics VERSION 1 • WSM (WRF single-moment ) 5-class microphysics VERSION2 • Radiation Scheme: • RRTM – GoddardradiationVERSION 1 • RRTM - Dudhia radiationVERSION 2 • Surface Scheme : • Noah Land-Surface Model • Cloud Chemistry:: • ON VERSION 1 OFF VERSION 2 • Photolisis: FTUV Version 1 FAST-J Version 2 • Biogenic model: Gunther scheme • Chemistry: CBMZ+MOSAIC (4 sectional aerosol bin)

  22. Time profiles • DAILY FACTORS (MISSING COUNTRIES): • Albania, Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia  Bulgaria • Turkey  Hungary • Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Russian  Romania • Germany  Federal Republic Germany • MONTHLY FACTORS MISSING COUNTRIES • Czech Republic  Slovakia • VOC TO TOC FACTOR: 3.2 • CLOUD CHEMISTRY ON AND OFF

  23. MM5-CMAQ 30 KM SP. RES. GERMANY JAN-APR, 2003 TNO 15 KM EMISSIONS CAFÉ-DELTA TIME EMISS. PROFILES. EDGAR EMISS. PM10 DAILY AVERAGES AND STATION AVERAGES

  24. MM5-CMAQ 30 KM SP. RES. GERMANY JAN-APR, 2003 TNO 15 KM EMISSIONS CAFÉ-DELTA TIME EMISS. PROFILES. EDGAR EMISS. PM2.5 DAILY AVERAGES AND STATION AVERAGES

  25. MM5-CMAQ 30 KM SP. RES. GERMANY JAN-APR, 2003 TNO 15 KM EMISSIONS CAFÉ-DELTA TIME EMISS. PROFILES. EDGAR EMISS. EC DAILY AVERAGES AND STATION AVERAGES

  26. EURODELTA DAILY FACTORS MISSING COUNTRIES + KZMIN=TRUE

  27. EURODELTA DAILY FACTORS MISSING COUNTRIES + KZMIN=TRUE

  28. EURODELTA DAILY FACTORS MISSING COUNTRIES + KZMIN=TRUE

  29. KZMIN = TRUE PM10 KZMIN = FALSE

  30. KZMIN = TRUE PM25 KZMIN = FALSE

  31. EC KZMIN = TRUE KZMIN = FALSE

  32. DAILY EMISSION FACTOR OK PM10 NO DAILY EMISSION FACTOR

  33. WRF-CHEM 30 KM SP. RES. (global >>>30) GERMANY JAN-APR, 2003 TNO 15 KM EMISSIONS CAFÉ-DELTA TIME EMISS. PROFILES. PM10 DAILY AVERAGES AND STATION AVERAGES

  34. WRF-CHEM 30 KM SP. RES. (global >>>30) GERMANY JAN-APR, 2003 TNO 15 KM EMISSIONS CAFÉ-DELTA TIME EMISS. PROFILES. PM2.5 DAILY AVERAGES AND STATION AVERAGES

  35. WRF-CHEM 30 KM SP. RES. (global >>>30) GERMANY JAN-APR, 2003 TNO 15 KM EMISSIONS CAFÉ-DELTA TIME EMISS. PROFILES. EDGAR EMISS. EC DAILY AVERAGES AND STATION AVERAGES

  36. MM5-CMAQ: STATISTICAL RESULTS

  37. WRF/CHEM: STATISTICAL RESULTS

  38. MM5-CMAQ & WRF-CHEM

  39. CASE 2 MM5-CMAQ O3 HOURLY VALUES AVERAGE STATION FROM 125 EUROPEAN BACKGROUND STATIONS (COST602)

  40. CASE 2 WRF/Chem (VOC TO TOC 1.14) O3 HOURLY VALUES AVERAGE STATION FROM 125 EUROPEAN BACKGROUND STATIONS

  41. CASE 2 WRF/Chem (VOC TO TOC 1.6) O3 HOURLY VALUES AVERAGE STATION FROM 125 EUROPEAN BACKGROUND STATIONS

  42. CASE 2 MM5-CMAQ KZMIN = TRUE KZMINFALSE - KZMINTRUE

  43. CASE 1: CPU TIMES WRF-CHEM 90 918 minutes WRF-CHEM 30 1490 minutes MM5_90_30 136 minutes CMAQ 90 553 minutes CMAQ 30 652 minutes TOTAL CPU TIME: MM5-CMAQ >>>>>> 1341 MINUTES TOTAL CPU TIME: WRF-CHEM >>>>>> 2408 MINUTES MAGERIT SUPERCOMPUTER 32 PROCESSORS, Power PC, 2'2 GHz and 4 Gb de RAM

  44. CONCLUSIONS • KZMIN AND EMISSION TIME PROFILES HAVE IMPROVED SUBSTANTIALLY THE • RESULTS • THE NEW VONFIGURATION OF WRF/CHEM HAS IMPROVED SUBSTANTIALLY THE • CONCENTRATION RESULTS • WRF/CHEM IS BETTER THAN MM5-CMAQ FOR PM10 AND PM2.5 CONCENTRATIONS • MM5-CMAQ IS BETTER THAN WRF/CHEM FOR OZONE CONCENTRATIONS • MM5-CMAQ IS HARDLY REPRODUCING THE HIGHEST PM10 AND PM2.5 PEAKS • (FEBRUARY AND MARCH, 2003) • WRF/CHEM IS MUCH MORE SENSITIVE THAN MM5-CMAQ AND CAPTURE THE • HIGHEST PEAKS (FEBRUARY AND MARCH) MUCH BETTER THAN MM5-CMAQ Acknowledgements: COST728 EU PROGRAMME

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