Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys Data dissemination and further analysis workshop

1. Multiple Indicator Cluster SurveysData dissemination and further analysis workshop Further Analysis: Early Child Development MICS4 Data Dissemination and Further Analysis Workshop

2. Further Analysis: ECD

3. Outline • The patterns of inequity with existing data • Associations between variables in the Early Child Development Module and ECDI • Associations between relevant variables outside of ECD module and ECDI • Analysis of the trend • Cumulative risk factors • Bottleneck analysis

4. 1st Idea: Different Patterns of Inequity Access to Early Childhood Education, 36 to 59 months, by Wealth Quintile

5. 2nd Idea: association between variables in the CD Module • Establish the hypothesis (based on literature or expert opinion) • Tabulate • Look for: • Expected patterns (association with well-known risk and protective factors) and • Contrast to commonly-found patterns (are they due to lack of adequate data, or do they indicate country-specific attitudes, or…) • The strengths of associations can be explored using cross-tabulations or multi-way tables and the chi-square statistic, as well as the odds ratio

6. Sample 1: reading the books and child development • Hypothesis: in the families where it is reported that primary caregivers are reading books to a child, the child literacy/numeracy skills will be higher compute books = 0. if (EC7AA = "A" or EC7AB ="B" or EC7AX = "X") books = 1. variable label books "Reading books to a child". value label books 0 "No" 1 "Yes". …… /table hl4 [c] + nuts2 [c] + hh6 [c] + age2 [c] + preschool [c] +melevel [c] + windex5 [c] + ethnicity [c] + books [c] + tot1 [c]

7. Sample 2: the impact of fathers on child development • Hypothesis: more children developmentally on target in families where father participates in activities with child compute fatsup = 0. if (nofather = 0 and fact = 100) fatsup = 1. variable label fatsup "Father support". value label fatsup 0 "Living in the HH and not supporting the child" 1 "Living in the HH and supporting the child".

8. 3rd Idea: association between modules (stunting and ECDI) • Hypothesis: lower ECDI in the stunted children

9. (Almost) unlimited possibilities • Explore the associations between ECDI and other variables: • Availability of playthings; • Inadequate care; • Living with biological parents • Explore the association between ECDI and some variables outside the ECD module • Iodized Salt Consumption • Violent Disciplining practices • …

10. Value added • Most of the knowledge is coming from developed countries • Opportunity for advocacy • Strong associations with low ECDI indicate areas of disadvantage • Strong associations with high ECDI indicate areas of strength • If there are discrepancies, explore policies, customs, practices, availability, accessibility and quality of ECD and other social services to find an explanation

11. 4th Idea: Trend Analysis • Attendance to Early Childhood Education • Note: check the definition; check the confidence interval

12. 5th Idea: Cumulative risk factors for child development • Create an index (cumulative risk factors to child development) • Children living without biological parents • Inadequate care • Stunting • Violent disciplining practices • Who are the children most at risk? What are the main determinants of risk? • Multivariate analysis • A binary logistic regression analysis

13. 6th Idea: Analyze System Bottlenecks (Tanahashi framework) From Tanahashi T. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1978, 56 (2) http://whqlibdoc.who.int/bulletin/1978/Vol56-No2/bulletin_1978_56(2)_295-303.pdf Effective coverage- quality Adequate coverage- continuity Utilisation – first contact withservices Accessibility – physical access to services Accessibility – to human resources Availability – critical inputs to system Target Population

14. Bottleneck in the education system in G

15. Regional disparity

16. Your turn • Ideas welcomed (group work)