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4.1??. ?????????????????????????????sin?/?cos??(??4.1),??????????,??????????(Fourier series)???????????(????????????)???????????????sin?/?cos????????????????????????(Fourier transform)?. . ??????????????:????????????????,?????????????????(??),?????????????????????????,????????????????????
E N D
2. 4.1?? ????????????????????????
?????sin?/?cos??(??4.1),????????
??,??????????(Fourier series)?
??????????(????????????)??
?????????????sin?/?cos???????
?????????????????(Fourier transform)
?
3. ??????????????:?????????
???????,????????????????
?(??),????????????????????
?????,??????????????????
??????????????????????
4. 4.2???????????? 4.2.1 ????????????? ?????? ?????
(4.2-1)
??
?? ,????????????? ??
(4.2-1)
?????????????(Fourier transform pair)
5. ????????????? ?
(4.2-3)
???????????
(4.2-4)
6. ????????????, ?
????????
(4.2-5)
???????(discrete Fourier transform, DFT)????
????????
?? ,?????DFT??????:
(4.2-6)
7. ??????????? ???????????
?????(??)???????? ?
??(4.2-5)?? ,??? ???? ???,?
?? ??????????? ???
?????????????(?????4.6???)?
?????????????????
8. Eulers??
(4.2-7)
??(4.2-5),?
(4.2-8)
?????????????????? ??
????????( ??)????????(frequency
domain)?
9. ????,?(4.2-5)?(4.2-8)????????????
??????,???????:
(4.2-9)
??
(4.2-10)
??????????(magnitude)???(spectrum),?
(4.2-11)
????(phase angle)?????(angle spectrum)?
10. ?(4.2-10)?(4.2-11)??, ? ??? ???
????????????????????????
?(power spectrum),???????????:
(4.2-12)
????(spectrum density)?????????????
11. ??4.1:??????????????
??4.2?????????(1)?? ????????
??,????????????(2)????????
,??????????????
12. ?(4.2-5)???????,?? ,??
,????????????? ?????????
?????????? ?? ?????? ?
????????(????),
?????????
???? (???? ??)
? ??
????
13. ????? ?,????? ?? ?
??
(4.2-13)
??? ???,??????????????
(4.2-14)
??
?? ? ???????
(4.2-15)
14. 4.2.2???DFT????? ?? ?????(??) ?????????
????
(4.2-16)
??
??,?? ,?????????
(4.2-17)
??
15. (4.2-16)?(4.2-17)??????????(DFT)????
? ???(transform)?????(frequency variable),?
? ???(spatial)?????(image variable)?
?????????? ?????????:
(4.2-18)
(4.2-19)
(4.2-20)
?? ? ????????
16. ????????????????????????
?
(4.2-21)
?? ??????????,?????
?????????[?? ]?? ? ?
????2-D?DFT??? ?????,????
???????????(frequency rectangle)?????
???????????,???? ????
17. ? ????(4.2-16)??
(4.2-22)
??????? ????????,??
?????,??????????????????
???
18. ?? ???,????????????
(4.2-23)
???*?????????????????????
(4.2-24)
???????????????
??????,????????????????:
(4.2-25)
(4.2-26)
19. ??4.2:??????????????
???????20X40?????????512X512??
????,???????,???????????
?? ???????4.3(b)??(?????????
??????????)
20. 4.2.3??????? ??????????:
????(4.2-16)???, ??????? ??
??,?????????????????????
?????,??????????????????
????????????????????????
??????? ??????????????
???????????,????????????
????????????????????????
????????,????
21. ??4.3:??????????,?????????
?
?4.4(a)?????????????????????
??,??2500???????????? ???
????????????????????????
????????????????
22. ??????????:
??????????????????????:
1.?????? ?????,?(4.2-21)?????
??
2.?? ,??(1)?????DFT?
3.?????? ?? ?
4.??(3)?????DFT?
5.??(4)???????
6.? ??(5)????
23. ?????[??????(filter transfer function)?
??????]?????????????????,
?????????
?????????,???????????
(4.2-27)
????, ?????,????????????
??????,?????, ??????????
? ????????,????????????
(zero-phase-shift)????
24. ?????????? ???????????
?:
(4.2-28)
???????????????? ??????
??????
25.
???????????????????????
????,???????????????????
??????????????????????,?
????????????????
26. ??????????:
??????????????????,??(4.2-22)
?,???????? ??,????????
??????????????,?
(4.2-29)
???????????? ??,??????
???????????
27. ?????????????(notch filter),?????
???????(notch)?????,???????
?4.4(a)???????4.6?,???????????
?????????,??????????????
???(???????????,???????,?
??????????,????????????,
??????)
28. ??????????????????,?????
???,?????????:
*?????:????,?????????????
*?????:????,?????????????
?4.7?????4.4(a)???????????????
????????,???????????????
?????????????????????4.8?
29. 4.2.4?????????????? ???????????????????(convolution
theorem),??? ?????,????:
(4.2-30)
(?????????)
30. ? ? ????????
(4.2-31)
????????????????????????
?
??
(4.2-32)
31. ????? ???? ????(impulse function)
??? ,?????????:
(4.2-33)
???? ??? ????????
????,????? ?,?????? ?
32. ?(3.2-33)???,????????????????
??????????,????????(sifting
property)???
(4.2-34)
??(4.2-16)?,?????????????????
?????:
(4.2-35)
33. ??? ,???(4.2-30)??????
(4.2-36)
?????
(4.2-37)
34. ????????????,???????????
??????,???????????????,?
?,??????????????????????
??
????????????????????????
35. ???????????????,????????
??????,?????????????????
??????
? ????,?
(4.2-38)
?? ?????????,???????????
?:
(4.2-39)
36. ??????????????????????:
??(??????)??????,???????
?????
???????,?
?? ,???
,? ???????
( ??????)
??????????4.9?
37. ????????????????????????
?,????????????:
(4.2-40)
(4.2-41)
??
???????????4.9(b)?4.9(d)?
38. 4.3????????? ????????????,???????????
??
(4.3-1)
?? ???????????? ????
????????,??????????? ?
?????????????:
(1)???(????)
(2)????(??????)
(3)?????(????)
39. 4.3.1??????? ????????????:
(4.3-2)
?? ???????????
????????????? ,???????
,?(4.2-21),?????????? ,??
?? ????????????
(4.3-3)
40. ?4.10???? ?(a)??????(b)?????
??(c)?????
??????????????
(cutoff frequency),?? ??4.10??????
(??:??????????????????)
41. ????????????????????????
???????? ???
(4.3-4)
?? ?(4.2-20)??,????????,???
??????????? ???? ??????
(4.3-5)
???????????? ????
42. ??4.4:??DFT???????????????
?4.11???????????,?????????5
?15 ?30 ?80??230???????4.12,????
???????????????
???4.12(c)?(e)??????(ringing)??,????
????????,????????
43. ?????????????????,??????
?????,????????????????ILPF
??????
???? ?????:
????????? ????
??????????????? ????
44. ????? ????????????????
????,??4.13(c),????????
??????? ???,??????4.13(d)?
????????????????????????
??
45. 4.3.2????????? ????? ?????? ???????????
???????:
(4.3-6)
?? ?(4.3-3)????
46. ??4.5:?????????
????4.15?,?? ,????????????
????
47. ????????????????,???????
???????,????????????????
???????,??4.16???
????,???BLPF??????????????
????????????
48. 4.3.3??????? ????????(GLPF)?(4.2.4)??????,???
???(?4.17)??:
(4.3-7)
??????????,??? ,? ???
?????????:
(4.3-8)
??(4.3-7)?(4.3-8)????????,???????
????
49. ??4.6:??????
?4.18????(4.3-8)??GLPF????4.18(a)????
,?? ???4.11(b)?????????,??4.15?
????GLPF?????????????BLPF???
??,??GLPF???????BLPF????????
????????????
50. 4.3.4????????? ???????????????,????,???
????????????:
???????,?????????
?????????
????????????
51. ???????,????????:
?4.19??????????????,???????
????????????,???????????
????????????????????????
????????
52. ????????:
????????????????????,???
????????????,?4.20?????????
??,?????????,?????,?????
????
53. ???????????:
?4.21???????????,??????????
??(VHRR)??,?????????????,??
????????????????????????
??????????,???????
54. 4.4????????? ????????????????????????
,?????????????????????,?
????????????????(high-pass filtering)
?????
????????????????????????
?:
(4.4-1)
??????; ???????
55. ???????????????????????,
?4.22???????,?4.23???????????
????
56. 4.4.1??????? ????????????(IHPF)???:
(4.4-2)
?? ??????????????,??????
?????????,????ILPF????????
???????
57.
???(a)????????????????,
???????,??(c)?????????????
58. 4.4.2????????? ?????????????????:
(4.4-3)
?4.22???????BHPF?????????
BLPF??ILPF?????,?????4.24??4.25?
??????????????????,?????
???????????,?????????
59. 4.4.3??????? ???????????:
(4.4-4)
60. 4.4.4????????? ????
(4.4-5)
??
(4.4-6)
????????????
(4.4-7)
61. ????????????????????????
?
(4.4-8)
????????????(?? ),??????
???????
(4.4-9)
62. ? ?????????????????
?????
(4.4-10)
(4.4-11)
?4.27?????????????
63. ???????????????????????
(4.4-12)
???????????,??(4.4-8)???????
???? ??????
,?????????????????:
(4.4-13)
64. ??4.7:?????????????
?4.28(a)??3.40(a)????,??(4.4-12)?????
?????4.28(d),???????????????
????????,???????????????
?
65. 4.4.5?????????????????? ???????????????????,????
???????????,??????????(high-
boost filtering)????????(unsharp masking)???
????
????:???????????????????
?????
(4.4-14)
???????? ????? ?????
??:
66. ??????????
(4.4-16)
????(4.4-14)?,????
(4.4-17)
???????????????????
? =1,???????????????????
? >1,???????????
67. ???
(4.4-18)
???(4.4-1)??,????????????????
????
(4.4-19)
?? ?
68. ??4.8:??????????
???4.29(c)(d)?????(4.4-17)?? ?
69. ????????????????????????
?,???????????????,??????
??(high-frequency emphasis)???,????????
??
(4.4-20)
?? ? ?????0.25?0.5???? ?
?????1.5?2.0??????(4.4-19)?,?????
?,?????????????
,?????,????????
70. ??4.9:??????
?4.30(a)?????????????X???,???
??????,???4.30(c)????????????
???????????,????????????
????,??????????,????????
?,??????4.30(d)?,???????????
?????????????????
71. 4.5???? ?2.3.4?????????????????????
????,???????????????????
??,????????????? ?????
?????????:
(4.5-1)
?????????
72. ??????
(4.5-2)
?
(4.5-3)
?
(4.5-4)
?? ??? ?????
?
73. ??????????? ???
(4.5-5)
????????
(4.5-6)
???(4.5-7)?(4.5-8)??(4.5-9)?
74. ??,?? ????????????,???
(??)????????????,?? ??
(4.5-10)
??
(4.5-11)
(4.5-12)
????????????
75. ???????????4.31?,??????????
??(homomorphic system)??????,??????
???(4.5-4)??????????????,????
?????(homomorphic filter function) ????
?????????
76. ???? ????:?????? ?????
????:???? ?????
????????????
??,??????? ,??????????
?????????????? ? ??????
>1? <1,??????4.32??????????
(?????????????)
77.
???,???????????????????,
????????(?? ??? ???????
???)
(4.3-3)
78. ??4.10:???????
?????,????????????????,?
?,?4.33(a)?????????????????,?
?????4.33(b)?
79. 4.6??4.6.1???????????????? ??
??????????
(4.6-1)
(4.6-2)
????????????
80. ?? ?,?
?(4.6-1)???
(4.6-3)
(4.6-4)
81. 2. ????????
????????
(4.6-5)
(4.6-6)
(??????????????,??????)
??,?? ? ???
(4.6-7)
(4.6-8)
82. ??
???????
? ???? ?
?????,? ,?
????????????,?? ???
?????????
83. 4. ?????????
????????????????:
(4.6-10)
?????????
(4.6-11)
?????4.2????,????????
(4.6-12)
???????????????
(4.6-13)
84. ?4.34(a)?????????,???????
?????????(4.6-10)?(4.6-13)??????
,??????? ?????? ??
?,??????????????????,???
?4.34(a)??(b),???? ???
???????,?4.34(c)????????,????
?????,?????????4.34(d)?
85. 5. ????
(4.2-16)???????????????????
?
(4.6-14)
??
(4.6-15)
86. ????????,???????????????
????,???????????????????
?????????,????????4.35??
(?????????????)
87. 4.6.2?????????????????? ?????????,??????????????
???????,????4.2.1???????:
(4.6-16)
(4.6-17)
??(4.6-17)??????????? ??
(4.6-18)
88. ?(4.6-16)?(4.6-18)??????,? ??????
????????????????? ??,
???????????? ?
????
(4.6-19)
??????????????,? ? ??
??(????),?????????????,???
???????
89. ???????????,? ????????
???,??????4.35?????,???????
?? ???????????? ?????
,?? ?????????,???????,?
???4.2.1?4.2.2????,???????????
???,??????????????
90. 4.6.3???????:????? ?4.2.4????,???????,????????
??????????,?????????????
???????,?????????????
?4.36?????????,????????4.2-30?
???????????:
(4.6-20)
91. ??(a)~(e)??????????,?????????
?????,???????????(f)~(j)?????
??????????,?????????????
?????
??4.36(j)???,??[0,100]?[400,500]??4.36(e)?
???,????????,???????????
????,????????? ?????
???????,?????????
92. ????????,?? ??? ?? ???
?,??????????????,???????
??,?? ,????????(extended)???
(padded)?????
(4.6-21)
(4.6-22)
93. ?????? ,???????????,
??4.36???????,?????????
(wraparound error)?
?? ???????
???????
??4.37?????????( ),??
?
94. ?????????????????,??????
???? ???? ,???
????? ??? ?? ??? ,?:
(4.6-23)
(4.6-24)
?
(4.6-25)
(4.6-26)
95. ????????????,???????????
???????????????????????,
??????????,?????????????
?????????????,????????,?
?????4.38,??(a)?????????,????
????,?(b)(c)??????
96. ????????? ???,?????????
?????????,??????????
???????????????????????,
???????????????????????,
?????????????????,??????
?????????????
97. ?4.39???????4.12(c)????????????
??(?????????)?
98. ?4.40??????????????????????
??,??4.39??????4.12(a)?????????
?????4.40,???????????
99. 4.6.4????????? ?4.2.4???????,????4.6.3???????
?,??,??????????(correlation)????
?????
??? ????? ? ??????
??? :
(4.6-27)
??
(4.6-28)
(4.6-29)
100. ?????? ? ??????
(4.6-30)
?? ? ?????,??????????(??),
?? ??????(4.6-27)??????????
?????,??????????????????
???,???? ???????
101. ??????????????,?????????
?????(correlation theorem):
(4.6-31)
(4.6-32)
????????????
102. ??????????????,?????????
??????????(matching)?
??????????
????(template)?
???????? ?????????????
??,????? ????,??? ?
??????????????????
103. ???(cross correlation):????,????????
???
???(autocorrelation):????????
?????,???????,?
(4.6-33)
(4.6-34)
104. ??4.11:????
?4.41(a)???(b)???,????????????
???(c)(d),?????????(e)???????(f)
??,???????????????????
105. 4.6.5???????????? ????????????????????4.1?,?
??????????????????????
106. 4.6.6??????? DFT???????????????????????
???(FFT),?(4.2-5)????? ????????
??,?? ??????/????,?FFT?
?????????????
?????FFT????????????????
(successive doubling method)?
(4.6-35)
??
(4.6-36)
107. ? ???????:
(4.6-37)
?? ??????,??
(4.6-38)
?? ?????????
(4.6-39)
108. ???
(4.6-40)
???
(4.6-41)
(4.6-42)
109. ??(4.6-40)????
(4.6-43)
??? ,????
(4.6-44)
110. ?????????,?? ???????????
?????????????,?(4.6-43)?(4.6-44)?
?? ????????(4.6-41)?(4.6-42)?????
? ????,????(4.6-43)??? ?
????????(4.6-44)???
111. ??????????????,? ? ???
???????????
? ??1????2???
??4????8???
??12????24???
112. ???????FFT???????:
(4.6-45)
(4.6-46)
??
????
(4.6-47)
(4.6-48)
113. FFT????DFT????????????
(4.6-49)
???? ,??????? ???(4.6-49):
(4.6-50)
????4.42?????? ????????
114. 4.6.7?????????? ????????????????????????
,???????????????? ?,???
??????? ???????,??????
????? (???)?DFT,????DFT??????
??????????FFT?????4.35?4.6.2???
?????????
115.
??