Decades of Change: 1950s in Review

1. Week 31: April 16-20, 2018Decades of Change 1950s (Ch. 19; 41-42), PPT Project

2. Why are we here this week? Students will review notes, play a “5 words” review game, and watch a portion of “Super Power” related to the 1950s in preparation for first of 6 quizzes in Unit IV. Students will form chapter groups for the Decades of Change PPT-based project (Ch. 20, 21, 22, 23, or 24). .

3. Homework:STUDY for 1950s QUIZ (Ch. 19, 14 terms, 41-42, readings, video notes) Re: 1950s QUIZ: Compare the CONFORMIST to the REBEL. (Actions, attitudes, results, etc. How can BOTH be successful?) Monday, April 16, 2018 • Story of Us Video pg. 11…outline notes II. Review 1950s Ch. 41-42 notes, summary, collage…20 pts Essential Terms Notes (1-14)…15 pts Overview of 1950s (Q?s...highlight…A!s) III. Review Game(s) 5 WORDS by P2JCMB Productions

4. Unit IV: Decades of ChangeBe ready to listen to peers, read along in textbooks, ASK questions, complete an collaborative, open-book assessment, & then participate in a learning activity. There will be an individual objective QUIZ for each chapter. Day 1: Teach “ttt” via PowerPoint Day 2: Socratic Symposium, followed by “textbook test” Day 3: Game, then QUIZ (Day 4 needed for Ch. 22…others?) The Americans Visit Robinson SHARES folder for Ch. 20-24 “tttSociety: ” answers. SKIM textbook(s). 20…New Frontier & Great Society Monday, 4/23Wed. 4/25 21…Civil Rights: Thursday, 4/26M/4/30 22…Vietnam Years: Tuesday, 5/1F/5/4 23…Era of Social Change: Monday, 5/7W/5/9 24…Age of Limits: Thursday, 5/10M/5/14 Collaborative “chapter tests” will be worth 20 minor points. Chapter quizzes (5) will be worth roughly 20-25 major points. Be sure to READ & complete “ttt” questions and Alive! fill-in notes & exercises BEFORE peers teach! History Alive! Summaries (in Shares) contain fill-in NOTES. 43, 48, 49 44, 45, 46, 47 51, 52, 53 50, 55, 47 53, 54, 55 Academic ONLY: 4th district exam will be on or soon after Friday, May 18th

5. 1950s Post-War Boom QUIZ(Tuesday, April 17th)(civil rights movement-JFK comes later) • 1950s termsreading NOTES (PPT slides) • The Americans, Chapter 19, p. 632-663 • History Alive! Ch. 41 (p. 532-547) Peace, Prosperity, and Progress Ch. 42 (p. 548-555) Rebelling Against Conformity • Overview 1950s, plus “Date with your Family”

6. America: Story of Us The interstate highway system designed by President… Trucking industry, the economy, and the economic gap… The US productivity between (1945-1960)… America had 1/2 of the world's … 2/3 of the world's … an average family income that was ??? times greater than a typical family in Europe. The “baby boom” was the dramatic rise… The first Levittown homes were…

7. Homework: YOUR assigned Chapter “ttt” (20, 21, 22, 23, or 24) -Begin READING The Americans textbook Why is CHANGE so hard at times? Who do some demand it, while others resist it? Tuesday, April 17, 2018 I. Review 1950s Ch. 41-42…20 pts Essential Terms (1-14)…15 pts Overview of 1950s II. QUIZ 25-questions (FORMS)

8. There are 14 “specific” concepts that EVERYONE MUST KNOW about the 1950s: 1. Post-WW II goals (GI Bill of Rights) 2. baby boom 3. Dr. Benjamin Spock & Dr. Jonas Salk 4. conformity 5. Harry S. Truman 6. suburbs & middle class ideals 7. white flight vs. urban renewal 8. prosperity vs. poverty 9. automobile & Interstate Highway system 10. television 11. Dwight D. Eisenhower 12. counterculture 13. Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg & the beatniks 14. Rock and Roll music

9. Ch. 41: Peace, Prosperity, & Progress Why are the 1950s remembered as an age of affluence? History Alive! DIRECTIONS for Ch. 41-42: Read/skim the text, then FILL in MISSING terms and… 1) Write a 3+ line SUMMARY & REACTION to the main themes, events, & content. 2) Draw a collage (or cut & paste images) showing key historical concepts, people, or trends (3+). The years following World War II were a time of prosperity in the United States. As the economy boomed, fears of a return to depression conditions faded. During the 1950s, millions of working-class families became affluent enough to move up into the middle class. Fair Deal President Harry Truman guided the transition from a wartime to a peacetime economy. But he was unable to get his Fair Deal reform program approved by a Republican Congress. Taft-Hartley Act Immediately after the war, a series of labor strikes threatened to cripple the economy. In response, Congress passed the Taft-Hartley Act, which limited the power of unions. Baby boom As the economy improved, Americans married and had children at record rates. The result was a baby boom that lasted from 1946 to 1964. Levittown Suburbs like Levittown attracted homebuyers by offering inexpensive houses on small lots. Suburban life revolved around the so-called traditional family, with a working dad and stay-at-home mom. Sunbelt Besides leaving cities for suburbs, Americans were also moving from northern states to the Sunbelt. California, Texas, and Florida all grew rapidly as a result. Interstate highway system A federally funded network of high-speed roads linked the nation as never before. Better roads encouraged the growth of suburbs and suburban shopping centers. Polio vaccine Medical advances such as antibiotics increased life expectancy in the 1950s. But no advance was more welcomed than the polio vaccine. This vaccine ended a decades-long battle with a much-dreaded disease that caused paralysis and death among its victims.

10. Ch. 42: Rebelling against Conformity How did some Americans rebel against conformity in the 1950s? History Alive! DIRECTIONS for Ch. 41-42: Read/skim the text, then FILL in MISSING terms and… 1) Write a 3+ line SUMMARY & REACTION to the main themes, events, & content. 2) Draw a collage (or cut & paste images) showing key historical concepts, people, or trends (3+). The 1950s were widely viewed as an age of conformity. Some social critics worried that the suburbs had become wastelands of cultural conformity and materialism. However, many currents of nonconformity also swirled through this decade. Suburbia Millions of Americans moved to suburbs during the 1950s. Critics like Lewis Mumford predicted that the sameness of suburban homes would lead to a social uniformity. But for many families, a move to the suburbs was the fulfillment of the American dream. The Organization Man Sociologists William Whyte and David Riesman explored conformity in their widely read books. They argued that large corporations, suburbs, television, and peer pressure were robbing Americans of their individuality. Beat movement A group of nonconformists called beats rejected all forms of convention. Beatniks rejected all forms of traditional society. Beat writers made major contributions to American literature. Youth culture Teenagers created their own culture of nonconformity by embracing comic books, movies, music, and slang that annoyed or appalled their parents. Rock ’n’ roll This now-familiar form of music was born in the 1950s. It was rooted in African American rhythm and blues and featured simple melodies, basic chords, and a strong, danceable beat. Many parents hated rock ’n’ roll, which made it even more attractive to teenagers. Abstract expressionism Painters like Jackson Pollock broke with realism in art to create a new form known as abstract expressionism. Abstract expressionist paintings appealed to viewers’ emotions rather than their rational thought.

11. Servicemen’s Readjustment Act To smooth the country's transition to peace after World War II, Congress passed the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944. It was commonly known as the GI Bill of Rights. It provided assistance to returning service people, including low-interest home loans, and grants to pay college tuition. As a result, college enrollments skyrocketed. By the spring of 1949, nearly 26,000 students were attending U.C. Berkeley. By comparison, barely 17,000 had been enrolled in 1941. Such rapid growth took place in higher education institutions all through the state. Wheeler Hall on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley, 1949.

12. GI Bill of Rights • shaped American society in the post WW II period for the better • Millions of people whose parents or grandparents had never dreamed of going to college saw that they could go • It allowed millions of Americans to achieve a standard of living that was generally better than that enjoyed by their parents.

13. GI Bill of Rights Suburbanization ~1/3 of all Americans live in suburbs by 1960 College, marriage, family, house, & job were common post-WW II goals • Economy was more robust (shift from wartime to peacetime was less problematic than anticipated) • Cars and home construction led to increased prosperity for many • conformity = suburban lifestyle house w/white-picket fence, 2-car garage… • drastic increase in the number of children born (baby boom) • women experienced greater economic independence during WW II • society’s expectations limited the opportunities of women (stay at home?) • greater divorce rate (more than a million by 1950)

14. Baby Boom The economic prosperity that followed World War II triggered a baby boom that peaked in 1957 (one baby every 7 seconds) and lasted until 1964. Then, almost as suddenly as it began, the boom ended. By 1966, the birthrate had dropped below the lowest level seen during the Depression years. In just two years, the baby boom had become a baby bust.

15. Dr. Benjamin Spock • The belief that mothers should not work outside the home unless they had to for economic reasons was promoted by Dr. Benjamin Spock, the leading childcare expert of the day. • First published in 1946, Spock’s Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care was a best seller for many years. • Spock advised mothers to devote themselves full-time to raising their children. Any distraction from that task, such as a job or hobby, he argued, could damage a young child.

16. Dr. Jonas Salk • developed polio vaccine (1955) • Until 1955, when the Salk vaccine was introduced, polio was considered the most frightening public health problem of the post-war United States. • The 1952 epidemic was the worst outbreak in the nation's history. Of nearly 58,000 cases reported that year, 3,145 people died and 21,269 were left with mild to disabling paralysis,with most of the victims children.

17. 1950s were a time when “everyone” behaved and thought in socially expected ways conformity • Americans looked for normalcy & calm following Great Depression & WW II • Ideal family? Father = breadwinner ($)Mother = stay at-home, cook, clean, etc. Children = clean-cut, behaved & respectful, did chores • Similarity did NOT sit well with everyone…a counterculture movement develops as people resist the “sameness” of the 1950s ideals http://libguides.wsulibs.wsu.edu/content.php?pid=109047&sid=820606

18. #33: Harry S. Truman (1945-1953) Democrat-served almost two terms: (1945-1949) and (1949-1953). He finished out Roosevelt’s fourth term after Roosevelt had served almost three months of it. The 1948 election was a huge political upset for pollsters and headline writers. On election night, some newspapers printed the next day’s edition before the results were final. A gleeful Truman holds up the morning edition of the Chicago Tribune, which had predicted the wrong outcome. • Commission on Civil Rights created in 1946, then his executive order desegregated the armed forces in 1948. • His “Give ‘em hell, Harry” campaign pulled off a stunning upset in 1948 against Thomas Dewey (Gov. of NY) • His “Fair Deal” economic program had mixed results. • Compulsory health insurance and crop-subsidy programs were defeated by Congress • Minimum wage raised ($.40$.75 per hour), extension of Social Security benefits, plus flood, irrigation, & public housing projects were supported.

19. The first Levittown homes were just 800 square feet in size, but they came with an expandable attic. Buyers could choose from five models that differed in color, roofline, and window placement. Even the salesmen used assembly-line methods. A buyer could choose a house and sign a contract within three minutes. Suburbs The rapid growth in housing starts was made possible by a revolution in home construction techniques. Using assembly-line methods pioneered by Henry Ford, homebuilders like the Levitt brothers were able to mass-produce homes at an astonishing rate.

20. white flight • Large numbers of white citizens left cities and moved to suburbs in 1950s resulting in isolation from other races & classes, • Between WW II and 1960, nearly 5 million African Americans moved from the rural South to urban areas • Cities lost businesses & property taxes, so schools, public transportation, fire, & police departments were underfunded • Urban poor suffered

21. urban renewal • a program of land redevelopment in areas of moderate to high density urban land use (cities) • relocation of businesses, the demolition of structures, the relocation of people • less congestion when areas of cities receive freeways and expressways • Truman gained Congressional support for cities to clear out slums & build 810,000 housing units for low-income families

22. prosperity At the end of World War II, many economists feared the economy would once again fall into a depression. Instead, consumer spending helped spur a long period of economic growth. The nation’s productivity more than doubled from 1945 to 1960.

23. poverty • 40 million “other” Americans lived in poverty & were not benefitting from the economic boom of the 1950s • Elderly people, single women & children, minority groups such as African-Americans, Latinos, and Native Americans • By 1962, 1 in 4 Americans were poor • Suburban growth took people, businesses, & tax money from urban centers…decay & poverty rose

24. automobile-Suburban lifestyle required a car -ownership increased from 40 (1950) to 60 million (1960) For many Americans in the 1950s, buying a new car was a yearly ritual. Automakers encouraged this practice in two ways. First, each year, they made changes to the style, so that each year’s models looked different from those of the year before. Second, they introduced new features every year, designed to make driving more pleasurable. The combined effect was to make last year’s car look and feel old long before its useful lifetime was over. Created booming car industry & other areas of growth, but cars widened the gap between urban & suburban quality of life

25. Interstate Highway System • authorized by Congress & signed by President Eisenhower in 1956, a network of ~45,000 miles of highways connecting major cities around the country • all highways are built under the same guidelines, so that each has at least two lanes in each direction, periodic rest areas for travelers, and no traffic lights or railroad crossings • Led to the trucking industry, growth of suburbs, drive-in movies, restaurants, shopping malls, pollution, traffic jams • Economic gap between people in cities & suburbs, plus middle class and poor widened--poverty rose

26. television • New “mainstream media” that added to earlier print media (newspapers & magazines), radio, and movies • TV reached 9% of American homes in 1948, then 55% by 1950, and 90% by 1960 • “entertainment and information marvel of the postwar years” • “Golden Age” of 1950s TV entertainment refers to comedy shows like Texaco Star Theater & I Love Lucy • News programs, westerns, sports events, original dramas, and children’s entertainment shows spawned $2 billion in advertising by 1960 (up from $170 million in 1950)

27. Dwight D. Eisenhower 34th President (1953-1961)--Republican • Supreme commander of Allied forces in WW II and leader of NATO forces • Twice defeated Adlai Stevenson (Democratic governor of Illinois) • “Modern Republicanism” = conservative when it comes to money and liberal when it comes to human beings.” • “Dynamic conservatism” led to immense popularity (middle-of-road course of action, avoided controversial issues)

28. President Eisenhower • Ensured popular New Deal programs & presided over massive buildup of arms during peacetime • fight over civil rights was growing in mid-1950s (1954-Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka…ended segregation in public schools) • Vice President was Richard Nixon, who was accused of profiting from a secret “slush fund” set up by wealthy supporters Once Dwight D. Eisenhower’s “I like Ike” campaign got rolling, it never stopped. The 1952 presidential campaign was the first to make extensive use of television ads. One observer complained that campaigns were “selling the president like toothpaste.”

29. counterculture • nonconformity = rebellion against conventional behavior or customary ways of living • voices of dissent rang out in the 1950s • Youth culture = teens rebelling against parents’ music, dances, movies, & language due to sheer numbers of “baby boomers” and rising affluence • Beat movement & Rock ‘n’ Roll are two examples

30. Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg & “beatniks” • “Beat movement” = nonconforming group of writers and poets who rejected materialism and traditional 9-to-5 jobs that began in New York City’s Greenwich Village, then spread to San Francisco, and Los Angeles • Feelings, adventures, and “stream of consciousness” celebrated, along with Zen Buddhism, Hinduism, jazz music called bebop, and sometimes drugs • Drew media attention & inspired the imagination of many college students

31. Rock ‘n’ Roll Music • Alan Freed (1951) was a Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey who played music from black rhythm and blues artists who used electronic (amplified) instruments, esp. the electric guitar, for a mostly white teenage audience • Rhythm, blues, country, and pop resulted in a brash new sound… “music that’s black and white-music that is American.” • “Elvis the Pelvis” was a symbol of rebellion against music and manners for the young • Rock ‘n’ Roll was initially condemned as immoral, but it grew in popularity & gained acceptance by end of 1950s

32. Ch. 19 “ttt” review: Postwar Boom Examine the “5 word ANSWER” and images for each question (below).What WORD(S) and image(s) do NOT belong? “BLOW OUT”…UP? Knock out??? Using the GI bill, millions of returning soldiers got an education and bought homes in the growing suburbs. After years of denial, consumers launched a spending spree that helped fuel an economic boom. Voters grew more conservative. HIGHER QUALITY OF LIFE MONEY COMMUNISM OPPORTUNITY SUPPORT  1. What social, economic, & political changes occurred after WW II?

33. Ch. 19 “ttt” review: Postwar Boom Examine the “5 word ANSWER” and images for each question (below).What WORD(S) and image(s) do NOT belong? “BLOW OUT”…UP? Knock out??? 2. What were the benefits and costs of prosperity in the 1950s? While many enjoyed prosperity in the 1950s, including more leisure time, critics said that the new economy stifled individualism. Also, the new car culture, which gave freedom to travel and to live away from work, caused a decline of the inner cities and added pollution and traffic deaths to society’s woes. RELAXATION TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS HIGHER STANDARD OF LIVING REDUCED RICH-POOR “GAP” INDIVIDUALITY 

34. Ch. 19 “ttt” review: Postwar Boom “BLOW OUT”…UP? Knock out??? 3. Describe the values of 1950s popular culture & the subcultures that arose in opposition to them. Popular culture of the 1950s—spread largely through television but also through print media—deemphasized minorities and women. The counterculture criticized material values and conformity. CELEBRATED FEMALES TV & LITERATUREPOSSESSIONS BEATNIKS DISLIKED “SAMENESS” SELFISH or GREEDY EMPHASIZED PEOPLE OF COLOR

35. Ch. 19“ttt” : Postwar Boom “BLOW OUT”…UP? Knock out??? 4. What groups were NOT touched by the prosperity of the 1950s? Most African Americans, Hispanics, & Native Americans were denied a part in the prosperity of the 1950s. BLACKS LATINOS INDIANS WHITES HIPPIES

36. What was so “fabulous” about the 50s?

37. What was the “American dream” in the 50s? Was it “nightmarish” in any way?

38. What impact did suburbanization & the automobile have on America?

39. Why did television become so popular?

40. Homework: Read Americanschapter & complete “ttt” (20, 21, 22, 23, or 24) -Review project expectations, begin PowerPoint WORK What are the most noteworthy CHANGES related to your chapter? Wednesday, April 18, 2018 I. Decades of Change Project General Expectations & Rubric PowerPoint “ttt,” 5-word bomb, Kahoot! Collaborative & individual assessments II. QUIZ Results 25 points

41. http://www.amazon.com/White-Mountain-Puzzles-The-Sixties/dp/B000H0S1TUhttp://www.amazon.com/White-Mountain-Puzzles-The-Sixties/dp/B000H0S1TU

42. http://www.amazon.com/White-Mountain-Puzzles-The-Seventies/dp/B001BSH4VIhttp://www.amazon.com/White-Mountain-Puzzles-The-Seventies/dp/B001BSH4VI

43. Unit IV: Decades of ChangeBe ready to listen to peers, read along in textbooks, ASK questions, complete an collaborative, open-book assessment, & then participate in a learning activity. There will be an individual objective QUIZ for each chapter. Day 1: Teach “ttt” via PowerPoint Day 2: Socratic Symposium, followed by “textbook test” Day 3: Game, then QUIZ (Day 4 needed for Ch. 22…others?) The Americans Visit Robinson SHARES folder for Ch. 20-24 “tttSociety: ” answers. SKIM textbook(s). 20…New Frontier & Great Society Monday, 4/23Wed. 4/25 21…Civil Rights: Thursday, 4/26M/4/30 22…Vietnam Years: Tuesday, 5/1F/5/4 23…Era of Social Change: Monday, 5/7W/5/9 24…Age of Limits: Thursday, 5/10M/5/14 Collaborative “chapter tests” will be worth 20 minor points. Chapter quizzes (5) will be worth roughly 20-25 major points. Be sure to READ & complete “ttt” questions and Alive! fill-in notes & exercises BEFORE peers teach! History Alive! Summaries (in Shares) contain fill-in NOTES. 43, 48, 49 44, 45, 46, 47 51, 52, 53 50, 55, 47 53, 54, 55 Academic ONLY: 4th district exam will be on or soon after Friday, May 18th

44. Homework:Complete PowerPoint slides (one project per chapter group) by Friday, 4/20 (2:30 PM) Get to WORK on chapter POWERPOINT! Thursday, April 19, 2018 Decades of Change Project PowerPoint “ttt,” 5-word bomb, Kahoot! Collaborative & individual assessments General Expectations & Rubric QUIZ Results (Period 2, 5…SCL?) 25 points

45. PrioritiesFollow the templates & examine SAMPLES • Individual question…READ…build/construct your Q & A slide (filled with pics, animation, effects, etc.)…Use FULL PPT, not online version in 365! • “5 word BOMB”…take given answer (online), then personalize it with YOUR WORDS & PICTURES ALL are “good” except 1-2 words/pictures…BLOW ‘em up! Make it challenging, thought-provoking & school-appropriate fun *If you prefer to LEAD a “higher level” discussion (alone or with your group), choose the Socratic Symposium OPTION…ASK mrobinso for details • Assemble slides in ORDER (intro slide, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, (EQ/other ?)…then “5 word BOMBS” for use on Day #2…ONE group PPT is due Friday! • GAME TIME…start Kahoot or other enjoyable, but challenging historical review activity

46. Homework:Read Ch. 20 & complete “ttt”…prep for 1st presentation(one project per chapter group due TODAY by 2:30 PM) Whose job is it? Friday, April 20, 2018 Decades of Change Project PPT, 5-word bombs, Kahoot!...OTHER? Your questions…IDEAS…etc?

47. PrioritiesWhose job is it? 1. Add your 1-2 slides for your “ttt” question to the group PPT… • Add your “5 word bomb” AFTERthe Q & A slides… • Make the intro/cover slide for the chapter, then SAVE to I-drive space and DROP (into Robinson SHARES folder) by 2:30 today! REMINDERS: Use FULL PPT, not online version in 365! Try it in PRESENTATION mode… -Do the effects work as intended? -Is the font size/color effective? -Are your “5 words bombs” good? 4. GAME TIME…start Kahoot! ONE person creates email-based account, shares login/password with group…ADD 3-4 questions per person with pictures

48. Ch. 20-24 presentation = 50 major points

49. CONTENT & PRESENTATION SKILLS evaluated by teacher (“ttt-based” PPT and “5 word bomb” or Socratic Symposium) 40% of grade

50. Your specific SLIDES and your GROUP “Kahoot!” will be evaluated by teacher (20% of your grade) You will “GRADE” yourself for 20%