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Muscular System: A Comprehensive Guide to Muscles and Their Functions

Explore the muscular system with information on muscle types, structure, and functions. Learn about skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles, their characteristics, and how they work to create movement. Discover how muscles are attached to bones and the energy needed for muscle contraction.

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Muscular System: A Comprehensive Guide to Muscles and Their Functions

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  1. The Muscular System

  2. or “Everything you ever wanted to know about Muscles, but were afraid to ask” !!!

  3. Did you know that ? • more than 50% of body weight is muscle ! • And muscle is made up of proteins and water

  4. The Muscular System • Muscles are responsible for all _______________ of the body • There are three basic types of muscle

  5. Info About Muscles • Only body tissue able to ______________ • create movement by _______and ________joints • Body ________converters (many muscle cells contain many _____________)

  6. 3 Types of Muscles

  7. Skeletal Cardiac Smooth Three types of muscle

  8. Classification of Muscle

  9. Characteristics of Muscle • Skeletal and smooth muscle are elongated • Muscle cell = muscle fiber • Contraction of a muscle is due to movement of ____________________ (protein fibers) • All muscles share some terminology • Prefixes _____ and _______ refer to muscle • Prefix ________ refers to flesh

  10. Shapes of Muscles • ______________- shoulder, neck • ______________- arms, legs • ____________- diaphragm, forehead • ____________- mouth, anus

  11. Skeletal Muscle • Most are attached by ___________ to bones • Cells have more than one nucleus (multinucleated) • _____________- have stripes, banding • ____________- subject to conscious control • Tendons are mostly made of _______ fibers • Found in the limbs • Produce movement, maintain posture, generate heat, stabilize joints

  12. Structure of skeletal muscle • Each cell (fiber) is long and cylindrical • Muscle fibers are multi-nucleated • Typically 50-60mm in diameter, and up to 10cm long • The contractile elements ofskeletal muscle cells aremyofibrils

  13. Skeletal muscle - Summary • Voluntary movement of skeletal parts • Spans joints and attached to skeleton • Multi-nucleated, striated, cylindrical fibers

  14. Smooth Muscle • _________________ • Spindle shaped • Single nucleus • _________________- no conscious control • Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs

  15. Smooth muscle • Lines walls of _______ • Found in longitudinal or circular arrangement • Alternate contraction of circular & longitudinal muscle in the intestine leads to ____________

  16. Structure of smooth muscle • Spindle shaped uni-nucleated cells • Striations not observed • ______and ________ filaments are present ( protein fibers)

  17. Smooth muscle - Summary • Found in walls of hollow internal organs • Involuntary movement of internal organs • Elongated, spindle shaped fiber with single nucleus

  18. Cardiac Muscle • _____________ • ______________ cells • Involuntary • Found only in the ___________ • Usually has a single nucleus, but can have more than one

  19. Cardiac muscle • Main muscle of heart • Pumping mass of heart • Critical in humans • Heart muscle cells behave as one unit • Heart always contracts to it’s full extent

  20. Structure of cardiac muscle • Cardiac muscle cells (_______) are short, branched and interconnected • Cells are striated & usually have 1 nucleus • Adjacent cardiac cells are joined via electrical synapses (gap junctions) • These gap junctionsappear as dark lines and are called intercalated discs

  21. Cardiac muscle - Summary • Found in the heart • Involuntary rhythmic contraction • Branched, striated fiber with single nucleus and intercalated discs

  22. Type of muscle Nervouscontrol Type of control Example Controlled by CNS Voluntary Lifting a glass Regulated by ANS Involuntary Heart beating Controlled by ANS Involuntary Peristalsis Muscle Control _______ Skeletal _______ ________

  23. Types of Responses • _________- • A single brief contraction • Not a normal muscle function • _____________ • One contraction immediately followed by another • Muscle never completely returns to a relaxed state • Effects are compounded

  24. Where Does the Energy Come From? • Energy is stored in the muscles in the form of ________ • ATP comes from the breakdown of glucose during ___________________ • This all happens in the ____________ of the cell • When a muscle is ___________(tired) it is unable to contract because of lack of _________

  25. Exercise and Muscles • __________- muscles shorten and movement occurs ( most normal exercise) • ___________- tension in muscles increases, no movement occurs (pushing one hand against the other)

  26. How are Muscles Attached to Bone? • ___________-attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction • ______________-the movable attachment of a muscle as opposed to its origin • Muscles are always attached to at least 2 points • Movement (Action) is attained due to a muscle moving an attached bone

  27. Insertion Origin Muscle Attachments

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