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Bell Ringer

Bell Ringer. What would life be like without a government? What are the advantages/disadvantages? Explain. Thomas Hobbes Biography. 1599-1679 Born in England – went to school with noblemen and intellectuals Lived in England during civil war Devoted monarchist

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Bell Ringer

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  1. Bell Ringer What would life be like without a government? What are the advantages/disadvantages? Explain.

  2. Thomas Hobbes Biography • 1599-1679 • Born in England – went to school with noblemen and intellectuals • Lived in England during civil war • Devoted monarchist • 1640s – Parliament was going to turn on King Charles I • Charles I executed • Views criticized by Parliament

  3. John Locke Biography • 1632-1704 • Born in England • Friends with nobles and scholars in government • Alive during the Glorious (Bloodless) Revolution • William and Mary invited to retake the throne after James II flees • Two Treatise of Government

  4. Jean-Jacques Rousseau Biography • 1712-1778 • Born in Switzerland • Orphaned so did a great deal of traveling where met figures of intellectual movement • Released Social Contract in 1762 • Scorned by officials and publicly burned • Had to seek refuge from French authorities

  5. Baron de Montesquieu Biography • 1689-1755 • Born in France to noble and prosperous family • Highly educated • Visited England where observed and liked political system • The Spirit of the Laws • Put on Forbidden Books by Roman Catholic Church

  6. Thomas Hobbes • Philosophy: • “state of nature” = individuals equal but suffer from fear of danger • Men motivated by desire for power • Lives are “solitary, nasty, poor, brutish, and short” • Government: • Defends absolute power of King • Leviathan: mythological whale-like sea monster that devours ships • Leviathan = government • Government = powerful state created for order • Social Contract created by people to give up power

  7. John Locke • Philosophy • Agreed with Hobbes – needs Social Contract for peace • Difference: • 1. Life, Liberty, and Property in State of Nature • Cannot be taken or given up (inalienable) • 2. Social Contract is between people and sovereign • Government • King did not hold absolute power • Acted only to enforce/protect natural rights • Representative Government

  8. Jean-Jacques Rousseau • Philosophy: • Man naturally good but corrupted by society • Savages in State of Nature and are free;, equal and happy • Property ownership created inequality • Social Contract not willing agreement but fraud against people by rich • Government: • Believed in direct democracy • No separation of powers • “We the People” • People = political power

  9. Baron de Montesquieu • Philosophy: • In State of Nature individual fearful – they avoid violence and war • State of War leads humans to live in society • To have Liberty gov’t is needed so man isn’t afraid • One person takes too much power • Government • Opposed monarchy • Should be divided and checked • Separated into executive, legislative, judicial

  10. Writing Activity Which political philosophy is the most important for the founding of the United States? • You will need to fully explain and defend your opinion • Use quotes from the Primary Source document

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