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French Revolution

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French Revolution

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    1. French Revolution 1788 - 1794

    2. Overview of the Causes

    4. Subdivisions of the Third Estate The Bourgeoisie 8% of population with 20% of the land 2.3 million people Had slaves Most important political group in the third estate but still had no say in the running of the country The Urban Poor of Paris Artisans, factory workers, journeymen Literate The Peasants 40% of the land Vast majority of the population that was constantly growing Paid most of the taxes

    6. Age of Enlightenment: An Age in which Scientific and Philosophical Thought Spread

    7. King Louis XVI King XVI and queen Marie-Antoinette had no idea what problems their country was facing The King suppressed the national assembly’s idea to create a new constitution Put his family before the country Spent government’s money carelessly

    8. Tennis Court Oath King wants a royal session to assert his power and set up a program that everyone all three estates agree with The National Assembly was supposed to have a meeting on June 20 Saw this as an act of monarchy on the behalf of King Louis XVI Went to local indoor tennis court and deputies took an oath saying they would not disband until a new constitution and public regeneration were established. Estates General The French legislative body: Nobility, Clergy and Commoners Important in the 14th and 15th centuries; was not used from 1614 - 1788 Part of the ancien régime - old rule In May 1789, called upon by King Louis to to deal with the financial crisis By June the Third Estate declares itself the National Assembly They decided they would be the voice of the people and speak out against the monarchy

    9. Storming of the Bastille July 14, 1789 Initial reason was to get ammunition The seven inmates, none of them political prisoners, were freed. The governor, Launay, and was dragged through Paris to the City Hall and killed The Bastille only had 110 men to fight and there were 300 people in the mob July 14 is French Independence Day The attack is considered the beginning of the French Revolution Declaration of the Rights of Man Passed by the National Assembly on August 26, 1789 Written as a frame work for modern democracy Summary of the ideals of the Revolution Justified the destruction of a government based upon monarchy and privilege The establishment of a new regime based upon the rights of individuals, liberty, and political equality plausible Many ideas for the Declaration were from the Age of Enlightenment Adopted by the United Nations as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights On July 14, 1789, a Parisian crowd stormed the Bastille in the hope of capturing ammunition. The governor was killed; the seven inmates, none of them political prisoners, were freed. The Storming of the Bastille was the event that really kicked off the Revolution. Prisoners that had been taken by the unpopular and detested King, Louis XVI Paris Commune was too defiant and too livid to submit to the starvation and seeming injustice of their government. But nothing could have prepared the defenders for what they met that now famous day. The entire workforce of the Bastille had stealthily and furiously been repairing the Bastille and reinforcing it, all to prepare for a minor attack from a hundred or so angry citizens a huge group of French guards and angry citizens tried to break into the fortress. There were over three hundred people ready to give their lives to put an end to their overtaxing and overbearing government. However the Bastille was threatened by more than the numerous crowds: three hundred guards had left their posts earlier that day, out of fear and from the rumors Marquis de Launay (the current guy in charge of Bastille) and his soldiers were captured by the crowds and dragged through the streets of Paris King Louis XVI found out and asked “Is this a revolt?” and his informer said “No, sire, it’s a revolution.” Little did Louis know that the mob's next plan was to march to Versailles, and take him away with them as well. On July 14, 1789, a Parisian crowd stormed the Bastille in the hope of capturing ammunition. The governor was killed; the seven inmates, none of them political prisoners, were freed. The Storming of the Bastille was the event that really kicked off the Revolution. Prisoners that had been taken by the unpopular and detested King, Louis XVI Paris Commune was too defiant and too livid to submit to the starvation and seeming injustice of their government. But nothing could have prepared the defenders for what they met that now famous day. The entire workforce of the Bastille had stealthily and furiously been repairing the Bastille and reinforcing it, all to prepare for a minor attack from a hundred or so angry citizens a huge group of French guards and angry citizens tried to break into the fortress. There were over three hundred people ready to give their lives to put an end to their overtaxing and overbearing government. However the Bastille was threatened by more than the numerous crowds: three hundred guards had left their posts earlier that day, out of fear and from the rumors Marquis de Launay (the current guy in charge of Bastille) and his soldiers were captured by the crowds and dragged through the streets of Paris King Louis XVI found out and asked “Is this a revolt?” and his informer said “No, sire, it’s a revolution.” Little did Louis know that the mob's next plan was to march to Versailles, and take him away with them as well.

    10. Civil Constitution of the Clergy Church had owned 6% of the national lands Louis XVI decided to revoke the Churches Lands and give them to the people By doing this, the people would be happier. The State announced that the Church would answer to the state, and the state would dictate what they would do. Constitution of 1791 Originally drafted in 1789 Was thought that it would heal the corrupted political system Finished in September of 1791 Prefaced by the Declaration of the Rights of Man, voted in on August 26th of 1789. The major details establishing a limited monarchy enforcing the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen abolishing the provinces (states) and hereditary titles dividing the country into departments Throughout history, the Church had owned 6% of the National lands. Louis XVI and Necker decided to revoke the Churches Lands and give them to the people. By doing this, the people would be happier. The State continued on to overrule the Church in various matters. The state announced to the Church that they would answer to the state, and the state would dictate what they would do. September:?This consititution was originally drafted in 1789. The major details of this consititution were that of establishing a limited monarchy, enforcing the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, abolishing the provinces and hereditary titles, and dividing the country into departments.Throughout history, the Church had owned 6% of the National lands. Louis XVI and Necker decided to revoke the Churches Lands and give them to the people. By doing this, the people would be happier. The State continued on to overrule the Church in various matters. The state announced to the Church that they would answer to the state, and the state would dictate what they would do. September:?This consititution was originally drafted in 1789. The major details of this consititution were that of establishing a limited monarchy, enforcing the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, abolishing the provinces and hereditary titles, and dividing the country into departments.

    11. Convention 1792-1795 First action was to abolish the monarchy and establish an assembly. After the Battle at Tuileries and the arrest of King Louis XVI, they called their first meeting Sept. 20th 1792 War time government, its actions were more around protecting the Republic from threats, rather than establishing peace [postponed new constitution] They did establish social and political turmoil that led to changes in system. The Jacobin Club and the Girondists were main parties. Different departments or committees, much like our modern legislative assembly except they had the executive power.

    12. Storming of the Tuileries August 10, 1792 Insurgents, largely Jacobins, stormed the Tuileries In the raid they took King Louis XVI and his family prisoners In December of 1792, the Convention put Louis XVI on trial January 21, 1793 King Louis XVI was executed on the guillotine Sans-Culottes Named this because they didn't wear upper class breeches or culottes Common / working people people of Paris Their desires were simple Survival was a right of all people Inequality of any kind was to be abolished The aristocracy and the monarchy were to be eliminated Property was to be shared in communal groups The Jacobins worked with the sans-culottes The convention became under the control of the Jacobins and the sans-culottes, and turned its attention to abolishing of the monarchy. The sans-culottes were the common people of Paris, and were so named this because they didn't wear upper class breeches or culottes. They were the working people, the shop owners, the tradespeople, the artisans, and even the factory workers. They were among the prominent losers of the first, more subtle revolution. While the middle class and wealthy classes benefitted greatly from the revolution, the sans-culottes saw their livelihoods disappearing and inflation driving them to fight for survival. Of all the groups of France, the views of the sans-culottes is what drove the radical revolution from 1792 to 1794.???The desires of the sans-culottes were simple. They believed that survival was a right of all people, inequality of any kind was to be abolished, and the aristocracy and the monarchy were to be eliminated. Property was not to be completely eliminated, but to be shared in communal groups. These ideas were far more radical than what the Jacobins had in mind. However, more radical Jacobins sympathized with the sans-culotte and began to work with them. This radical group of Jacobins were called the Mountain, because they took the highest seats in the Assembly.???As the convention came more under the control of the Mountain and the sans-culottes, it turned its attention to doing away with the monarchy. In December of 1792, the Convention put Louis XVI on trialThe sans-culottes were the common people of Paris, and were so named this because they didn't wear upper class breeches or culottes. They were the working people, the shop owners, the tradespeople, the artisans, and even the factory workers. They were among the prominent losers of the first, more subtle revolution. While the middle class and wealthy classes benefitted greatly from the revolution, the sans-culottes saw their livelihoods disappearing and inflation driving them to fight for survival. Of all the groups of France, the views of the sans-culottes is what drove the radical revolution from 1792 to 1794.???The desires of the sans-culottes were simple. They believed that survival was a right of all people, inequality of any kind was to be abolished, and the aristocracy and the monarchy were to be eliminated. Property was not to be completely eliminated, but to be shared in communal groups. These ideas were far more radical than what the Jacobins had in mind. However, more radical Jacobins sympathized with the sans-culotte and began to work with them. This radical group of Jacobins were called the Mountain, because they took the highest seats in the Assembly.???As the convention came more under the control of the Mountain and the sans-culottes, it turned its attention to doing away with the monarchy. In December of 1792, the Convention put Louis XVI on trial

    13. The Guillotine Dr. Joseph Ignace Guillotine proposed a more human way to execute people. Used as early as 1307 in Ireland Fail-safe, as compared to hanging Death from decapitation, once blade fell on neck, cut off head. Unveiled in 1792, in Paris

    14. Maximilian Robespierre 1758-1794 Trained as a lawyer, gained reputation for writing eloquent political essays. His ideas were mainly shaped by Rousseau, “Republic of Virtue” 1787- elected into Estates General He spoke for the Third Estate He was later elected the leader of the Jacobin party and the Committee for Public Safety. Somewhat vain, he was not easily liked. Didn’t experience the conditions he was speaking for, “out of touch” Narrow-minded polices caused the “Reign of Terror” 1793- vouched for freedom of religion, saw no religion leading to anarchy- degradation of government.

    15. Committee of Public Safety 1793-1794

    16. Reign of Terror September 1793- July 1794 Claimed around 2,500 victims in Paris, more outside of that Effort to clear the nation of its enemies and traitors “Between people and their enemies there can be nothing in common but the sword” Mass trials and convictions for crimes against the state “Cult of Reason” Voltaire, Rousseau “saints” [de-Christianization”] Criticism of the Committee for its paranoia. Danton stated it was time to stop chopping off heads and time for peace and rebuilding the country. Danton executed April 6th 1794

    17. Execution of Robespierre End of the Reign of Terror

    18. Now that the last major revolutionary has come to his death . . . The Revolution Ends and sets the stage for Napoleon

    19. Bibliography Andress, David. Links on the French Revolution. 11 Jan. 2006. 14 May 2007 <http://userweb.port.ac.uk/~andressd/frlinks.htm#Intro>. Doyle, William. The Oxford History of the French Revolution. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1990. Otfinoski, Steven. Triumph and Terror: the French Revolution. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1993. "Revolution." Freedom or Death: a Provocative Exploration of the French Revolution. 14 May 2007 <http://library.thinkquest.org/C006257/revolution/default.shtml>. "Timeline." Freedom or Death: a Provocative Exploration of the French Revolution. 14 May 2007 <http://library.thinkquest.org/C006257/timeline/default.shtml>.

    20. Picture Sources Picture 1: Liberty. Eugene Delacroix - http://www.chess-theory.com/images1/00807_eugene_delacroix.jpg Picture 2: Causes for the French Revolution - http://www.strategictransitions.com/images/frenchrevo1.gif Picture 3: King Louis XVI - http://www.axonais.com/saintquentin/musee_lecuyer/graphs/louisXV.jpg Picture 4: Tennis Court Oath - http://www.loyno.edu/~seduffy/tennis_court_oath.jpg Picture 5: Fall of Bastille - http://www.flholocaustmuseum.org/history_wing/assets/room1/fall_of_the_bastille.jpg Picture 6: Declaration of the Rights of Man - http://www.tocqueville.culture.fr/images/portraits/droits_homme_2.jpg Picture 7: The Guillotine - http://www.accsoft.com.au/~ross777/Tolstoy/gifs_pics/guillotine.gif Picture 8: Convention - http://ser.stanford.edu/Media/Images/CalendrierNationalThumbnail.jpg Picture 9: Maximilien Robespierre - http://www.ladyreading.net/labille-guiard/big/robespierre.jpg Picture 10: committee of public safety:http://www.antiquesatoz.com/stephenherold/graphics/public-safety.jpg Picture 11: Depiction of Violence in the Revolution - http://www.historytoday.com/digimaker/pictures/Bloody_aftermath_of_the_French_Revolution_Wz9KCXon.jpg Picture 12: Robespierre's Execution - http://www.geocities.com/rwkenyon/robespierre.jpg Picture 13: Napoleon - http://web.bilkent.edu.tr/Online/www.english.upenn.edu/jlynch/Frank/Gifs/napoleon.gif Timeline and Pictures: http://library.thinkquest.org/C006257/timeline/default.shtml

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