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Between the World Wars (1919-1939) marked a period of significant transformation across art, literature, economics, and science. The emergence of "New Women" and the adoption of Keynesian economics contrasted with the rise of supply-side economics, or trickle-down theory. Key movements in modernism influenced architecture and painting, as thinkers like Einstein reshaped notions of space with relativity, while Freud's psychoanalytic theory changed our understanding of the mind. Examining these shifts reveals a complex web of cultural responses to postwar disillusionment, fundamentalism, and the changing role of government.
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BETWEEN THE WARS 1919-1939
Concepts • New women • Keynesian Economics • Supply-side Economics • AKA “trickle-down” theory
Essential Questions • Identify the emerging movements in art, physics, literature, economics and architecture. • Be sure to include terms, people, reasons for changes in your answer = VERNACULAR! • How has Einstein influenced the modern world?
Postwar Pessimism • “Lost Generation” > expatriates disillusioned with materialism of the 1920s • Barth > Resurgence of religious fundamentalism • Science & democracy lose ground • Jose Ortega y Gasset • Keynes • Promoted: rule of the elite
John Maynard Keynes a biographical note John Maynard Keynes (pronounced "Canes") was one the most important figures in the history of economics. He revolutionized the subject with his classic study, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money(1936). This is generally regarded as one of the most influential social science treatises of the twentieth century. It quickly and permanently changed the way the world looked at the economy and the role of government in society.
Albert Einstein: Theory of general relativity Space & time relevancy Heisenberg: “Uncertainty Principle” Inability to measure position & velocity simultaneously ‘probability theory’ Revolution in Physics
Revolution in Psychology • Sigmund Freud > psychoanalytic theory • Basis for modern psychiatry • Conflict b/w conscious & unconscious • Repressive mechanisms
Modernism Disdain for realism Architecture: International style Gropius > functionalism Mies > steel & glass Frank Lloyd Wright Modern Painting & Architecture
Modern Architecture Gropius Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1886-1969)
Frank Lloyd Wright The Robie House The Guggenheim
Frank Lloyd Wright Falling Water
Enduring Question • Why have all these changes taken place at this point in history? [cause & effect] • Be sure to address each item [see first essential question] comprehensively.