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Chapter 11 Aggregate Planning and Scheduling

Alternatives. Quarter. Beginning. 1. inventory. Regular. Quarter. time. 2. 1. Overtime. 3. Subcontract. 4. Unused Capacity. Regular. time. 2. Total Capacity. Overtime. Subcontract. Regular. time. 3. Overtime. Subcontract. Regular. time. 4. Overtime. Subcontract.

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Chapter 11 Aggregate Planning and Scheduling

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  1. Alternatives Quarter Beginning 1 inventory Regular Quarter time 2 1 Overtime 3 Subcontract 4 Unused Capacity Regular time 2 Total Capacity Overtime Subcontract Regular time 3 Overtime Subcontract Regular time 4 Overtime Subcontract Requirements Chapter 11 Aggregate Planning and Scheduling

  2. 장기 범위 중기 범위 단기 범위 Now 2 months 1 Year 총괄계획 범위 Aggregate Planning (총괄계획): 보통 2~12개월을 대상으로 하는 중기 생산용량계획.

  3. 총괄계획 수준의 관점 • 단기 계획 (상세 계획) • 기계부하 • 작업할당 • 중기 계획(일반적 수준) • 고용 • 산출량 • 장기 계획 • 장기 생산용량 • 위치/배치

  4. 기업전략과 정책 경제, 경쟁, 정치적 상황 통합된 수요예측치 운영 및 생산용량 전략 수립 사업계획 생산용량 계획 수립 총괄계획 개별제품에 따른 계획 수립 주 일정계획 총괄계획수립 단계

  5. 총괄계획 • 총괄 수요의 예측을 함으로써 시작한다 • 중기 계획을 예측한다 • 다음의 것들을 정하고 그에 의해 수요량을 충족하기 위한 일반계획이 뒤따른다 • 산출량 • 고용 • 완성품 재고수준 • 생산계획은 총괄계획의 산출물이다 • 주기적으로 계획을 갱신한다– 다음의 12~18개월 정도를 게획구간으로 갖는다

  6. 자원들 노동력 설비 수요예측 정책 하도급 초과근무 재고수준 백오더 비용 재고유지 백오더 고용/해고 초과근무 재고 변화 하도급 총괄계획의 투입물

  7. Managerial Inputs

  8. Operations Distribution and marketing Current machine capacities Customer needs Plans for future capacities Demand forecasts Workforce capacities Competition behavior Current staffing level Materials Accounting and finance Aggregate Supplier capabilities Cost data plan Storage capacity Financial condition Materials availability of firm Engineering Human resources New products Labor-market conditions Product design changes Training capacity Machine standards Managerial Inputs Figure 11.1

  9. 총괄계획의 산출물 • 계획의 총 비용 • 재고의 수준을 예상 • 재고 • 산출량 • 고용 • 하도급 • 백오더

  10. 총괄생산계획 목적 • Minimize Costs/Maximize Profits • Maximize Customer Service • Minimize Inventory Investment • Minimize Changes in Production Rates • Minimize Changes in Workforce Levels • Maximize Utilization of Plant and Equipment

  11. 총괄계획 전략 • 공격적 • 수요가 생산용량과 대응되도록 수요 변경을 시도 • 반응적 • 생산용량이 수요에 대응하도록 생산용량 변경을 시도 • 혼합형 • 두 전략을 혼합

  12. Aggregate Planning Strategies 총괄생산계획 전략 • 추종전략 #1 (생산능력전략) : 수요를 맞추기 위해 고용 수준을 조정 #2 (활용전략): 수요를 맞추기 위해 산출률을 조정 • 평준화전략 (재고전략): 계획기간 동안 일정한 고용 수준을 유지하거나 일정한 산출률을 유지하는 전략

  13. 총괄생산계획 전략 Possible Alternatives Possible Alternatives Strategy during Slack Season during Peak Season Chase #1: vary workforce Layoffs Hiringlevel to match demand Chase #2: vary output Layoffs, undertime, Hiring, overtime,rate to match demand vacations subcontracting Level #1: constant No layoffs, building No hiring, depletingworkforcelevel anticipation inventory, anticipation inventory, undertime, vacations overtime, subcontracting, backorders, stockouts Level #2: constant Layoffs, building antici- Hiring, depleting antici-outputrate pation inventory, pation inventory, over- undertime, vacations time, subcontracting, backorders, stockouts

  14. Scheduling Services • Scheduling: 단기 일정계획 • 제조업의일정관리 • 서비스업의 일정관리 - 간트챠트 - 고객수요 일정관리 - 인력 일정관리

  15. Gantt Charts Progress Chart Current Figure 11.9 date Job 4/17 4/18 4/19 4/20 4/21 4/22 4/23 4/24 4/25 4/26 Ford Plymouth Pontiac

  16. Current date Machine 4/20 4/21 4/22 4/23 4/24 4/25 4/26 Plymouth Pontiac Ford Grinder Pontiac Plymouth Ford Lathe Gantt Charts Machine Chart Figure 11.10

  17. Union Hospital Personnel Scheduling 직원일정계획 • Union Hospital은 환자 서비스 수준을 개선하기 위하여 추가적인 인력을 고용하려고 한다. 다음은 근무교대시간에 대한 자료이다. • The five authorized eight-hour shifts are • Shift 1: 6:00 AM to 2:00 PM • Shift 2: 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM • Shift 3: Noon to 8:00 PM • Shift 4: 4:00 PM to midnight • Shift 5: 10:00 PM to 6:00 AM Question: How many agents should be assigned to each shift in order to minimize total payroll?

  18. Schedule Data

  19. Linear Programming Formulation Let Si = Number working shift i (for i = 1 to 5),Minimize Cost = $170S1 + $160S2 + $175S3 + $180S4 + $195S5 subject to Total agents 6AM–8AM: S1 ≥ 48 Total agents 8AM–10AM: S1 + S2 ≥ 79 Total agents 10AM–12PM: S1 + S2 ≥ 65 Total agents 12PM–2PM: S1 + S2 + S3 ≥ 87 Total agents 2PM–4PM: S2 + S3 ≥ 64 Total agents 4PM–6PM: S3 + S4 ≥ 73 Total agents 6PM–8PM: S3 + S4 ≥ 82 Total agents 8PM–10PM: S4 ≥ 43 Total agents 10PM–12AM: S4 + S5 ≥ 52 Total agents 12AM–6AM: S5 ≥ 15andSi ≥ 0 (for i = 1 to 5)

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