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Mesopotamia and Egypt

Mesopotamia and Egypt. Ancient Mesopotamia Timeline. 3000-2200 B.C.-Emergence of Sumerian Cities 1800-1550 B.C.-Babylonian Kingdom 1780 B.C.-Code of Hammurabi 1000-586 B.C.-The Hebrews 559-500 B.C.-Height of Persian Power. Mesopotamian Geography.

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Mesopotamia and Egypt

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  1. Mesopotamia andEgypt

  2. Ancient Mesopotamia Timeline • 3000-2200 B.C.-Emergence of Sumerian Cities • 1800-1550 B.C.-Babylonian Kingdom • 1780 B.C.-Code of Hammurabi • 1000-586 B.C.-The Hebrews • 559-500 B.C.-Height of Persian Power

  3. MesopotamianGeography • Mesopotamian located at Eastern end of Fertile Cresent • Tigris and Euphrates flood often creating rich soil for crops • Developed ditches for irrigation • Open plane made area vulnerable to attack

  4. Mesopotamia’s City States • Surrounded by walls built of mud brick • Temples most important building usually in center • Sumerians state based on a theocracy (lead by divine authority) • Economy based on farming, trade, and manufacturing. • 3 classes: Nobles, commoners, and slaves.

  5. EmpiresofMesopotamia • 2340 B.C. Akkadians led by Sargoin who sets up worlds first empire • 1792 B.C. Babylonians led by Hammurabi take power.

  6. Code of Hammurabi • Collection of laws for strict justice (eye for an eye) • Penalties depend on social class • Reflected a patriarchal society

  7. Mesopotamian Religion • Polytheistic (over 3000 gods) • Humans their to serve gods

  8. Sumerian’s Creation • Created cuneiform writing (wedge shaped) • Used for record keeping, teaching, and law • Gilgamesh-literature teaching of moral lesson • Other inventions: wagon wheel, numbers system (60), advancements in engineering and astronomy

  9. Egyptians

  10. Egyptian Geography • Civilization based around annual flooding of the Nile River (Over 4,000 miles) • Used Geographic barriers to protect them from invasion

  11. Egyptian Religion • Polytheistic • Land gods / Sun Gods • Sun God was the lead god (Re or Atum) • Pharaoh referred to as sun of Re

  12. Egyptian History • Divided into 3 major periods: Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms • Begins with Menes around 3100 B.C.

  13. Old Kingdom • 2700-2200 B.C. • Rulers become known as pharaohs • Absolute power • Take advice from family and Vizer • Pyramids built during this period, as well as mummification.

  14. Middle Kingdom • 2050-1652 B.C. (Golden Age) • Pharaohs now portrayed as shepherds of the people. • Middle kingdom ended by invasion of Hysksos of Western Asia.

  15. New Kingdom • 1567-1085 B.C. • Period which Egypt created an empire • Pharaoh’s very wealthy • First female ruler comes during this time (Hatshepsut)

  16. New Kingdom Continued • Akhenaton-tries to make Egyptians monotheistic (starts the decline of the Egyptian Empire • Tutankhamen-restores the old gods later • Ramses II (The Great) 1279-1213 B.C. regains some of the empire but again would later collapse. • Cleopatra VII tries again later to restore empire but falls to the Romans.

  17. Society and Daily Life • Classes of society • Ruling Class-Pharaohs, nobles, and high priest • Merchants and priest • Peasants were laborers for the upper classes

  18. Marriage • Married young (arranged marriages) • Man the master: women took care of household including children’s education • Marriages could end in divorce with compensation for women • Women could be merchants, priests, and even pharaohs

  19. Writing and Education • Writing emerged around 3000 B.C. in Egypt • Hieroglyphics/Hieratic Script • Made advances in art, architecture, geometry, and medicine • Due to mummification learned a great deal about human anatomy • First to use splints, bandages, and compresses

  20. Other Great Civilizations • Hittites-pastoral nomadic group known for use iron • Phoenicians-lived along the Mediterranean Coast • Known for ships, seafaring skills, and trading abilities • Also known for 22 letter alphabet later used by Greeks and Romans.

  21. Civilizations • Israelites-(1200-1000 B.C.) main contribution religion of Judaism. • Assyrians-known for military prowess and use of iron weapons, disciplined army and calvary. • Persians-created an enormous empire. Set up their own complex gov. structure.

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