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Mother and Child Health: Research Methods

Mother and Child Health: Research Methods. G.J.Ebrahim Editor Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, Oxford University Press . Normality and Abnormality - I. In parameters with a Gausian distribution + 2 Standard Deviations or + 3 Standard Deviation may be arbitrarily considered abnormal.

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Mother and Child Health: Research Methods

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  1. Mother and Child Health: Research Methods G.J.Ebrahim Editor Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, Oxford University Press.

  2. Normality and Abnormality - I • In parameters with a Gausian distribution • + 2 Standard Deviations • or • + 3 Standard Deviation • may be arbitrarily considered abnormal

  3. Normality and Abnormality - II • Labeling as abnormal those findings which are regularly associated with disease e.g. blood pressure > 140 / 90 mm. Hg.

  4. Normality and Abnormality - III • Calling a measurement abnormal if treatment is proven beneficial e.g. high blood cholesterol level

  5. Diagnostic Tests • Sensitivity • Specificity • Positive and • Negative Predictive Values of tests

  6. Diagnostic Tests - II • Do test results in patients differ from those in normal individuals? • Are patients with certain levels of results more likely to have the target disease? • Do test results distinguish patients with and without the disease among those clinically thought to have it? • Do patients undergoing the diagnostic test do better than similar untested patients?

  7. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve

  8. Meta - Analysis • The process of making an objective and systematic analysis of information from all the randomised controlled trials

  9. Factors Influencing Practice of Evidence – Based Medicine Patient’s Clinical State Research Evidence Clinical Expertise Clinical expertise Patient’s Preferences

  10. Screening Tests • Screening tests are different from diagnostic tests in being performed essentially on normal persons • Prevalence of the disorder being screened for is important since in low prevalence settings even excellent tests perform poorly.

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