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Biofuels for transportation , a challenge for the future

The international situation concerning oil as a finite resource raises concerns about greenhouse gas emissions and geopolitical dependencies. The transportation sector heavily relies on oil, with energy demand expected to increase significantly. Biofuels, such as ethanol and biodiesel, emerge as renewable alternatives, reducing the reliance on non-renewable sources. To ensure sustainability, biofuels can be produced from lignocellulose, a high-yield raw material like agricultural residues or urban waste. Research and industrial development are crucial for advancing biofuel production processes. Collaboration among various institutions and countries is key to addressing the challenges posed by increasing energy demands. The transition to biofuels requires careful consideration of land use, resources, and environmental impacts.

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Biofuels for transportation , a challenge for the future

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  1. Biofuels for transportation , a challenge for the future Ghislain Gosse

  2. An international situation and its consequences • Oil is a fossil energy vector, a finite resource at least for a given price • Oil is very sensitive to geopolitic situation • Oil is a source of greenhouse gases emissions This situation is and will be long-lasting Needs for a renewable energy vector

  3. Why the energy question is crucial in the transportation sector ?

  4. Transportation sector and energy demand • Transportation sector depends at 98% in oil supply. • Energy demand from transportation will hudgely increase the oil demand. • At the world level : 600 Millions vehicles in 1994 and 1 billion in 2010 (source : IEA & OECD (1994)) • Energy savings are now compensated by increase due to security equipment, air conditioning… Annual mean growth rate (2000-2030) Global demand in primary energy +0,7 % Energy consumption in transportation +1,2 %

  5. Among the alternatives fuels • Compressed natural gas • Liquified oil gas • Electric car • Biofuels • Oil • Alcohol • Synthesis fuel Non renewable alternatives Solution for clean car in town Biofuels a necessary passage for transportation

  6. Food-Fuel, a challenge for the XXIth century population Land availability will be a key criteria 2040-2060 9-10 billions Critical period for oil time

  7. A proposal In order to minimize competition with food biofuels will have to be produced from an ubiquist raw material with a high yield per unit area Lignocellulose from agriculture, forestry,urban wastes is the best candidate

  8. A strategy for biofuels Oil Rape, Soybean Sunflower Oil methyl ester Chemistry Sugars Beet Sugar cane & sorghum To day Fermentation Ethanol Starch Cereals Corn, Cassava Thermochemical Process Lignocellulose Wood, crop residues Dedicated crops To morrow Synthesis fuels

  9. What we need to meet the challenge? • Industrial development of biofuels production based upon classical crops mainly ethanol • Research on biofuel production from lignocellulose

  10. Dry residues Alcool Synthesis fuel Dedicated crops Oil Classical crops 2003 2015-2025 Time A scenario for the future A transient period, A necessary passage on a learning curve towards a sustainable biofuels production

  11. A national project under implementation Industry IFP, INRA, CNRS CNRS IFP INRA INRA Agriculture Forestry structures Industry CEA, IFP, CNRS • Resources research • Quality, Logistic, Environment Industry

  12. EU Network of Excellence BIOENERGY VTT, Finland CHP, large scale systems, Forest industry Forschungzentrum, Germany IIIEE, Sweden Biogenic Waste to energy Environment, Socio- economics ESR Grignon EGC Grignon Agronomie LRM Biomass Aston University, UK Training, Education, dissemination Climate issues, Small scale applications Joanneum Research, Austria case studies (1) : > Finland (wood) > Poland >Picardie (straw…) INRA Biofuels for transport Agrobiomass resources Land use Change Eastern countries resources ECN, Netherlands INRA France UMR FARE EC BREC, Poland INRA (1) discussion under progress

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